Wiggle BED to variableStep format conversion

The BED wiggle input format is the most inefficient input format for wiggle tracks. For each definition line the number of data points created is chromEnd-chromStart which can add up rapidly to the 300,000,000 data point input limit to wiggle custom tracks.

Please note the addition of the new (August 2008) bedGraph format to assist in overcoming this limit.

In many cases the variableStep and fixedStep formats are sufficient to display the same data that may have been encoded in the BED format. If the BED formatted data has a consistent data item size, say for example 400 bases for each data line, it can be converted to a variableStep format with this simple script:

#!/bin/sh

SPAN=400
S=inputFile.BED.format.txt
R=outputFile.variableStep.format.txt
rm -f ${R}
head -45 ${S} | egrep "^browser|^track" > ${R}
grep "^chr" ${S} | cut -f1 | sort -u > chr.list
cat chr.list | while read C
do
    echo "variableStep chrom=${C} span=${SPAN}" >> ${R}
    awk '{if (match($1,"^'"${C}"'$")) { print } }' ${S} | sort -k2n | awk '
{
    printf "%d\t%g\n", $2+1, $4
}
' >> ${R}
done

A slightly modified version of this script File:BedToWig.sh converts all bed files in the current directory.

This assumes there is a single track definition in this file: inputFile.BED.format.txt and the BED items were properly specified as zero-relative half-open coordinates, where base position 1 of chr4 for example would be specified as: chr4 0 1. The coordinate system for variableStep and fixedStep input formats is one-relative coordinates where base position 1 of a chromosome is specified as 1.

This would convert a BED format line, for example:

chr4  400  800 3.14159

which occupies 400 data points in the internal representation of the wiggle data, to the variableStep format:

variableStep chrom=chr4 span=400
401  3.14159

which occupies a single data point in the internal representation of the wiggle data.

The use of the span specification in variableStep or fixedStep formats should be consistent for all data points. It should be the same for all data points. You do not want to mix different spans of data together in the same input submission. The span specification in wiggle formats has a very specific use and is not to be used to specify arbitrarily sized data items (that's what the BED format is for). See also: Pre-calculated Zoom (Span) from Wiggle Data Tracks.

See also: File:FixStepToBedGraph pl.txt to convert fixedStep wigAscii to bedGraph.