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| ==See also:==
| | Page moved to: [http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/genecats/index.php/VI_quick_start VI quick start] |
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| Graphical [http://www.viemu.com/a_vi_vim_graphical_cheat_sheet_tutorial.html vi/vim Cheat Sheet]
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| ==Insert/Command States==
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| vi is usually either in an 'insert' state, or in a 'command' state. It starts up in the 'command' state.
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| There are other states that I do not use but I sometimes enter them accidentally and need to use the :q
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| to get out of those states.
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| There is a lot more to vi than indicated here. This is a very brief cheat-sheet, but even with this
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| small set of commands, vi is a powerful tool for managing documents.
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| To enter the 'insert' state from the 'command' state, issue some kind of insert editing command.
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| When you are in 'insert' state, whatever you type becomes text in the document. To exit 'insert'
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| state and return to 'command' state, press the 'Esc' key. When in doubt about the state,
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| press the 'Esc' key to get to 'command' state. Your terminal should indicate the INSERT
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| state with a message at the bottom of the screen:
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| -- INSERT --
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| The bottom line of your terminal when in 'command' state will indicate the line and column
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| position of the cursor, and a percent indication of how far down you are in your document.
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| ==Starting vi==
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| vi file.ext # start editing the file called file.ext - whether it exists now or not
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| vi -r file.ext # recover the edits to a file. The previous session to vi was lost due
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| # to login disconnect or system crash. This will resume close to where you where
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| # when vi died. After this recover and exit from vi, remove the .file.ext.swp file
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| # which is used by vi for its housekeeping.
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| vi -x secure.txt # edit a file in secure encoded form. You will need to establish a password to use
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| # this file in vi. The contents are only seen in a vi -x session, otherwise they
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| # are encoded and can not be read by others unless they know the password
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| For our local environment editing rules, you will want a ~/.vimrc file with these settings
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| set wrapmargin=8 shiftwidth=4 nohlsearch
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| au Filetype * set formatoptions=cql
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| set tags=~/kent/src/tags
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| ==Exit vi==
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| :wq # write file and quit vi - saves all edits to file being edited
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| :q! # abandon edits since last file write and quit vi
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| :w # simply write out file contents saving all edits to this point. Remain in vi
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| ==Cursor movement==
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| Cursor movement commands are given when in the 'command' mode.
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| It is vital to learn cursor movement keys to rapidly move around your document. You probably
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| shouldn't be using arrow keys repeatedly to move the cursor one character at a time unless that
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| is really what you need to be doing at that moment. It is much more efficient to move the
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| cursor based on objects in the document. Adding a number in front of any of these commands multiplies
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| their operation by that number.
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| nG # where n is a number of digits to number a line, G goes to that line number
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| G # go to the end of the document
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| 1G # go to the top (line 1) of the document
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| w # move forward to the beginning of the next word
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| W # move forward to the beginning of the next string
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| b # move back to the beginning of the current word
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| B # move back to the beginning of the current string
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| e # move to the end of the current word
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| E # move to the end of the current string
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| M # move cursor to the middle of the screen
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| 0 # go to the beginning (column 1) of this line
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| $ # go to the last character on this line
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| <CR> # go to the beginning (column 1) of the next line
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| - # go to the beginning (column 1) of the previous line
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| <space> # move forward one character
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| Ctrl-h # move back one character
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| Ctrl-f # scroll to next page (one screen full minus two lines)
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| Ctrl-b # scroll back one page (one screen full minus two lines)
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| Ctrl-d # scroll down one half page (one half screen)
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| Ctrl-u # scroll up one half page (one half screen)
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| z. # scroll the document to move the line the cursor is on to the middle of the screen
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| % # move to associated ( ) { } [ ]
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| /string # go forward to the beginning of 'string' - great for moving around the document
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| # on the screen when it is somewhere distant from where the cursor is, especially when
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| # 'string' is short and unique
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| ?string # go backward to the beginning of 'string' - same benefit as above, but in reverse
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| n # go to next occurrence of previous search string, backwards if started with ? forward if /
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| N # go to previous occurrence of previous search string, backwards if started with / forward if ?
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| ==Insert text==
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| These functions enter the 'insert' mode (except for the rc single character replace)
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| i # insert text immediately before the character the cursor is on
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| I # insert text at the beginning of this line
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| a # append text immediately following the cursor
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| A # append text at the end of this line
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| O # start(open) a new line above this line
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| o # start(open) a new line following this line
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| rc # replace character under the cursor with 'c' ! remains in command mode !
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| s # substitute in place of the character under the cursor
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| cw # change text from cursor to the end of this word
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| cW # change text from cursor to the end of this string
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| c$ # change text from cursor to the end of this line
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| c0 # change text from cursor to the beginning of this line
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| ==Delete text==
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| dd # delete this line
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| D # delete from cursor to end of this line
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| d0 # delete from cursor to beginning of this line
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| dG # delete lines from cursor to end of document
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| x # delete character under cursor
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| X # delete character before cursor
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| ==Setting/using marks==
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| ma # create a mark at the cursor named 'a'
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| 'a # move cursor to first non-blank character on the line with the mark named 'a'
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| `a # move cursor exactly to the mark named 'a'
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|
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| ==Yank/Put==
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| Y # yank the current line
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| P # (upper case P) put the yank buffer before the cursor (before line if buffer contains lines)
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| p # (lower case p) put the yank buffer following the cursor (following the line if buffer contains lines)
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| "ay'a # yank from here to the mark named 'a'(the y'a part) placing the yank in buffer called a(the "a part)
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| "ap # put the contents of yank buffer called 'a' following the cursor
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| "aP # put the contents of the yank buffer called 'a' before the cursor
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| ==Search/Replace==
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| :%s/string/replace/flags # % means whole document, s is the substitute function,
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| # find 'string' replace with 'replace' with potential flags:
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| # most often used flag: g meaning replace all occurrences (global)
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| # not just the first occurrence on a line.
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| :.,$s/string/replace/flags # from here (.) to end of document ($) search and replace
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| :'a,'bs/string/replace/flags # from mark named 'a' to mark named 'b' search and replace
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| ==What's Happening==
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| Ctrl-g # show information about the status of this document
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| [[Category:Technical FAQ]]
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| [[Category:Browser QA]]
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