29mammals: Difference between revisions
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[http://genome.cshlp.org/content/17/12/1823.abstract Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes] | [http://genome.cshlp.org/content/17/12/1823.abstract Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes] | ||
Genome Res 17, 1823-1836, doi:gr.6679507 [pii] 10.1101/gr.6679507 (2007). | Genome Res 17, 1823-1836, doi:gr.6679507 [pii] 10.1101/gr.6679507 (2007). | ||
== [http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/4/47/29mammalsExcessConstraint_track.txt Synonymous constraint regions] == | |||
Summary: Identified coding regions with a very low synonymous substitution | |||
rate Ð indicating additional sequence constraints beyond the amino acid level. | |||
The Synonymous Constraint Elements (SCEs) are defined at three different | |||
resolutions (9-, 15-, and 30-codon). There is also a bedGraph track for | |||
the local estimate of the synonymous substitution rate (lambda_s). | |||
Also available at: http://compbio.mit.edu/SCE/ | |||
Contact: Mike Lin <mikelin@mit.edu> | |||
==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/8/8b/29mammalsRNAStruct_track.txt RNA structures] == | ==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/8/8b/29mammalsRNAStruct_track.txt RNA structures] == | ||
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Reference: Parker, B. J. et al. New families of human regulatory RNA structures identified by comparative analysis of vertebrate genomes. Genome Research (2011) | Reference: Parker, B. J. et al. New families of human regulatory RNA structures identified by comparative analysis of vertebrate genomes. Genome Research (2011) | ||
==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/a/ac/29mammalsConstraintStructure_track.txt Constraint Structure] in Promoters== | |||
Summary: A list of local maxima identified from the smoothed pi-scores in the core promoters of genes. | |||
Data provided by Evan Mauceli at broadinstitute.org | |||
==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/f/fd/29mammalsMotifInstances_track.txt Identified Regulatory] Motifs== | ==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/f/fd/29mammalsMotifInstances_track.txt Identified Regulatory] Motifs== | ||
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Genome Res 17, 1919-1931, doi:gr.7090407 [pii] 10.1101/gr.7090407 (2007). | Genome Res 17, 1919-1931, doi:gr.7090407 [pii] 10.1101/gr.7090407 (2007). | ||
==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/a/a3/29mammalsPosSelCodons_track.txt Positively selected codons] == | ==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/a/a3/29mammalsPosSelCodons_track.txt Positively selected codons] == | ||
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in the human genome. In preparation (2011). | in the human genome. In preparation (2011). | ||
==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/a/ | ==[http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg18&hgt.customText=http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/images/a/a7/29mammals2xARs_track.txt Human and Primate] Accelerated Regions== | ||
Summary: | Summary: Lists of human accelerated regions (HARs) and primate accelerated regions (PARs). | ||
Regions with accelerated substitution rates in either lineage were | |||
identified by first defining candidate elements using the phastCons | |||
program (not including the lineage of interest) and then scoring those | |||
elements for accelerated substitution rates in the | |||
subtree (human or primate) of interest. | |||
Data provided by | Data provided by Katherine Pollard at ucsf.edu | ||
Revision as of 23:30, 13 May 2011
A high-resolution map of evolutionary constraint in the human genome based on 29 eutherian mammals
This page contains links to view the data sets from the above paper on the UCSC genome browser. All tracks can be loaded into the hg18 genome browser using this link, 29mammals custom tracks ,or the individual tracks can be loaded separately from the list below. The data for these tracks has been slightly massaged from the original data to conform to UCSC genome browser formats. Primary data is available for download from The Broad Institute's site here: https://www.broadinstitute.org/scientific-community/science/projects/mammals-models/29-mammals-project-supplementary-info
Constrained Elements
Summary: Lists of constrained elements.
For each 12-mer in the human genome a measure of constraint was scored using SiPhy (see reference below), both as a rate-based score (omega), and a measure that includes biased substitution patterns (pi). Those falling in annotated Ancestral Repeats were used as a background. An empirical cutoff score was set corresponding to 10% FDR, and all 12-mers above this score were considered significant. Overlapping significant 12-mers were clustered to yield larger elements.
There are four tracks in this set: Constraint Elements pi lods score, data: mean: 7.214417, min: 1.711200, max: 16.237301, std: 1.364699 Constraint Elements pi branch length score, data: mean: 4.173642, min: -0.049714, max: 7.351400, std: 0.755658 Constraint Elements omega lods score, data: mean: 7.667489, min: 1.676100, max: 16.680599, std: 1.378213 Constraint Elements omega branch length score, data: mean: 4.255876, min: 0.301830, max: 7.376400, std: 0.731477
Data provided by Or Zuk at broad.mit.edu and Manuel Garber at broadinstitute.org
Garber, M. et al. Identifying novel constrained elements by exploiting biased substitution patterns Bioinformatics 25, i54-62, doi:btp190 [pii] 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp190 (2009)
Base Level Measure of Constraint
Summary: Base-level measure of constraint scored using SiPhy (see reference above), both as a rate-based score (omega) and a measure that includes biased substitution patterns (pi).
Data Not Available on UCSC Genome Browser due to the lack of a suitable display format.
Contact: Manuel Garber <mgarber@broadinstitute.org>
Novel Exons
Summary: A list of identified novel conserved exons.
Exons were identified using a version of CONGO (previously developed for the Drosophila genomes, see reference below) enhanced to handle mammalian exon prediction. The enhancements include a semi-Markov feature to model the short length distribution of mammalian exons, a synteny feature for recognizing duplicated regions, and an alternative training function to improve accuracy when performing an unbalanced prediction task (only ~1.5% of the human genome is protein-coding)
Data provided by Mike Lin at mit.edu
Lin, M. F. et al. Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes Genome Res 17, 1823-1836, doi:gr.6679507 [pii] 10.1101/gr.6679507 (2007).
Synonymous constraint regions
Summary: Identified coding regions with a very low synonymous substitution rate Ð indicating additional sequence constraints beyond the amino acid level. The Synonymous Constraint Elements (SCEs) are defined at three different resolutions (9-, 15-, and 30-codon). There is also a bedGraph track for the local estimate of the synonymous substitution rate (lambda_s). Also available at: http://compbio.mit.edu/SCE/
Contact: Mike Lin <mikelin@mit.edu>
RNA structures
Summary: The list of candidate predictions for structural RNA families. EvoFold structural predictions were based on a 31-way subset of the genome-wide 44-way multiZ alignment (consisting of 28 of the 29 eutherian mammals, together with opossum, chicken, and tetraodon as outgroups) and clustered into candidate families using the novel EvoFam algorithm. This data, as well as the complete set of structure predictions from the EvoFold screen can be downloaded in bulk or browsed through a UCSC Genome Mirror from the following web site: http://moma.ki.au.dk/~jsp/mammals/.
In addition, individual families are listed and annotated in the following reference and its supplement.
Contacts: Brian Parker bparker@binf.ku.dk, Stefan Washietl <wash@csail.mit.edu>
Reference: Parker, B. J. et al. New families of human regulatory RNA structures identified by comparative analysis of vertebrate genomes. Genome Research (2011)
Constraint Structure in Promoters
Summary: A list of local maxima identified from the smoothed pi-scores in the core promoters of genes.
Data provided by Evan Mauceli at broadinstitute.org
Identified Regulatory Motifs
Summary: A list of instances of identified regulatory motifs.
A motif catalog was built from TRANSFAC, Jaspar, and Protein Binding Microarrays using a method similar to that described in the reference below, with extensions for position frequency matricies. Motif instances were identified genome-wide using a FDR of 60%.
Data provided by Pouya Kheradpour at mit.edu
Kheradpour, P., Stark, A., Roy, S. & Kellis, M. Reliable prediction of regulator targets using 12 Drosophila genomes Genome Res 17, 1919-1931, doi:gr.7090407 [pii] 10.1101/gr.7090407 (2007).
Positively selected codons
Summary: Main data files and backing data for the analysis identifying positively selected codons. This data and updates are available for download from here: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/~greg/mammals/
Contact: Gregory Jordan <greg@ebi.ac.uk>
Exaptations of Mobile Elements
Summary: List of exapted elements identified as described in the reference mentioned below.
Data provided by Craig Lowe at stanford.edu
Lowe, C. B. & Haussler, D. 29 mammalian genomes reveal novel exaptations of mobile elements for likely regulatory functions in the human genome. In preparation (2011).
Human and Primate Accelerated Regions
Summary: Lists of human accelerated regions (HARs) and primate accelerated regions (PARs).
Regions with accelerated substitution rates in either lineage were identified by first defining candidate elements using the phastCons program (not including the lineage of interest) and then scoring those elements for accelerated substitution rates in the subtree (human or primate) of interest.
Data provided by Katherine Pollard at ucsf.edu
