PRDM9: meiosis and recombination

Introduction

PRDM9 is a gene on human chromosome 5 with a very peculiar history. Its primary function -- after many false starts -- has only recently become clear: scanning the genome with its terminal zinc finger array to locate and mark recombination hotspots with its histone methylase where its transcription factor domain can direct additional proteins to initiate the double stranded breaks needed for meiosis. Recombination between homologous chromosomes is essential to proper alignment and separation into daughter cells (as well as for juxaposing favorable alleles for adaptive evolution).

Such a mission-critical protein is typically highly conserved. However this is not the case here at all. Indeed, it proves exceedingly difficult to find a comprehensive set of PRDM9 orthologs in sequenced mammalian genomes, with immense confusion in the literature over paralogs, lost copies, pseudogenes, and other composite domain proteins overlapping in domain content but having no immediate homology.

Syntenic relationships help resolve events during mammalian evolution. Here TUBB3+ AFG3L1+ GAS8+ has stably existed since the stem amniote, with the arrangement TUBB3+ AFG3L1+ GAS8+ PRDM7- qTer found in nearly all placental mammals. PRDM9 however is found in many syntentic contexts, depending on clade.

From the perspective of comparative genomics, PRDM7 is the fundamental gene, not the disparate collection of genes mis-labelled PRDM9 genes. At different times in different placental clades, PRDM7 spun off segmental duplications of itself to other sites in other chromosomes, probably because of its susceptible location at the extreme q arm of an autosomal chromosome.

These paralogous copies -- despite all being called PRDM9 -- are not orthologous outside their narrow clade. Orthology requires by definition vertical descent from a common gene in the last common ancestor of two species. Here the PRDM9 are descended from a common gene but at different stages in its evolution. While an unresolved terminological muddle, these copies are sometimes called in-paralogs within a species and co-orthologous across them.

In euarchontoglires, a segmental duplication of PRDM7 occurred in a stem catarrhine primate and descended through speciation events to contemporary old world monkeys and great apes. This second copy (PRDM9) relocated to and stayed within a cadherin gene complex on a different chromosome. PRDM7 persisted at its original ancestral location but became an overt pseudogene in some lineages (rhesus, gibbon, gorilla, chimp and human) but not others (orangutan). Earlier diverging primates such as lemurs, tarsier and new world monkeys have a single PRMR7 gene adjacent to GAS8.

Rodents and lagomorphs also have no counterpart to PRDM9, though the situation is confused by chromosomal rearrangements (no homolog or even debris adjacent to GAS8 or CDH). The mouse gene may well be orthologous to primate PRDM7, not PRDM9. The rat gene occurs in the same syntenic context. Rabbit has two apparent PRDM7, called here PRDM7a and PRDM7b; neither copy is syntenic to mouse/rat or any other mammal.

Although an obvious pseudogene, human PRDM7 is often treated as a functional gene with 'isoforms'. However exon 9 of the reference sequence hg18 contains an internal direct tandem repeat of 88 nucleotides that throws off the reading frame and subsequent splice to exon 10, which itself has a frameshift (GGGG to GGG) in the second of its three zinc fingers. The protein is incorrectly described at NCBI, SwissProt and UCSC -- zinc fingers translated into the wrong reading frame cannot form a meaningful fold. Given the comparative genomics context of duplication followed by subsequent pseudogenization, this feature is unquestionably a pseudogene whether it is still transcribed or not.

However the confusion doesn't stop there. After separate segmental duplication in afrotheres and pecoran ruminants, still other retention and loss scenarios have played out. Both copies can seemingly functions for long periods, but the parental gene PRDM7 can also be lost completely. In others, pseudogene remnants in various degrees of decay can still be detected.

Rapid evolution of this gene subfamily occurs at the amino acid level as well, especially in zinc finger number and substitutions at the 4 dna-recognizing residues. All this may be directly related to the role in meiosis: the process tends to destroy its recombination hotspots by biased gene conversion. Since recombination is essential, new hotspots must emerge. The race is then on for PRDM7 and its spun-off PRDM9s to rapidly evolve new histone markup sites.

This rapid evolution may cause breeding incompatibility between populations in the F1 generation (meiosis arrest for lack of cross-overs, notably between chrX and chrY). However it takes very different forms in different lineages. In effect each major clade of placentals is evolving a qualitatively different mating system, with its most extreme form in ruminants with 6 PRDM9 genes. This follows upon the very different structures of sex chromosomes between monotremes, marsupials and placentals.

Comparative genomics: sequence availability

Classification of available placental mammal sequences: 54 genes from 31 species. The number of zinc fingers is shown in the second column, phylogenetic clade in the third, and an adjacent gene (synteny) in the fifth. The PRDM7 genes are all orthologous but the PRDM9 genes are not unless in the same phylogenetic cluster.

• PRDM7: genes with ancestral location GAS8 synteny
• PRDM9: lineage-specific segmental duplications of PRDM7
• Pseudogenes: multiple disabling frameshifts and stop codons

PRDM9_homSap   13  prim  gene  CDH12  Homo         sapiens      (human)
PRDM9_panTro   19  prim  gene  CDH12  Pan          troglodytes  (chimp)
PRDM9_gorGor   --  prim  gene  cdh12  Gorilla      gorilla      (gorilla)
PRDM9_ponAbe   10  prim  gene  CDH12  Pongo        abelii       (orangutan)
PRDM9_nomLeu   10  prim  gene  cdh12  Nomascus     leucogenys   (gibbon)
PRDM9_macMul    9  prim  gene  CDH12  Macaca       mulatta      (rhesus)
PRDM9_papHam   11  prim  gene  cdh12  Papio        hamadryas    (baboon)
PRDM7_homSap    3  prim  gene  GAS8+  Homo         sapiens      (human)
PRDM7_panTro    2  prim  pseu  GAS8+  Pan          troglodytes  (chimp)
PRDM7_gorGor    3  prim  pseu  GAS8+  Gorilla      gorilla      (gorilla)
PRDM7_ponAbe    4  prim  gene  GAS8+  Pongo        abelii       (orangutan)
PRDM7_nomLeu    5  prim  pseu  gas8+  Nomascus     leucogenys   (gibbon)
PRDM7_macMul    2  prim  pseu  GAS8+  Macaca       mulatta      (rhesus)
PRDM7_papHam    2  prim  pseu  gas8+  Papio        hamadryas    (baboon)
PRDM7_calJac   12  prim  gene  GAS8+  Callithrix   jacchus      (marmoset)
PRDM7_micMur    8  prim  gene  gas8+  Microcebus   murinus      (lemur)
PRDM7_otoGar    7  prim  gene  GAS8+  Otolemur     garnettii    (galago)
PRDM7_tarSyr   --  prim  pseu  gas8+  Tarsius      syrichta     (tarsier)
PRDM9_oryCun    8  glir  gene  other  Oryctolagus  cuniculus    (rabbit)
PRDM7_oryCun    4  glir  gene  other  Oryctolagus  cuniculus    (rabbit)
PRDM7_ochPri   --  glir  gene  noDet  Ochotona     princeps     (pika)
PRDM7_ratNor   10  glir  gene  PDCD2  Rattus       norvegicus   (rat)
PRDM7_musMus   12  glir  gene  PDCD2  Mus          musculus     (mouse)
PRDM7_musMol   11  glir  gene  noDet  Mus          molossinus   (wild_mouse)
PRDM7_dipOrd   --  glir  gene  noDet  Dipodomys    ordii        (kangaroo_rat)
PRDM7_speTri   --  glir  gene  noDet  Spermophil   tridecemlin  (squirrel)
PRDM9a_bosTau   7  laur  gene  noDet  Bos          taurus       (cattle)
PRDM9b_bosTau   5  laur  gene  noDet  Bos          taurus       (cattle)
PRDM9c_bosTau  --  laur  gene  noDet  Bos          taurus       (cattle)
PRDM9d_bosTau   9  laur  gene  noDet  Bos          taurus       (cattle)
PRDM9e_bosTau   9  laur  gene  noDet  Bos          taurus       (cattle)
PRDM9e_oviAri  --  laur  pseu  noDet  Ovis         aries        (sheep)
PRDM9d_oviAri  --  laur  gene  noDet  Ovis         aries        (sheep)
PRDM9c_oviAri   4  laur  pseu  noDet  Ovis         aries        (sheep)
PRDM9b_oviAri   2  laur  pseu  noDet  Ovis         aries        (sheep)
PRDM9a_oviAri   9  laur  gene  noDet  Ovis         aries        (sheep)
PRDM9d_munMun   4  laur  gene  noDet  Muntiacus    muntjak      (muntjac)
PRDM9c_munMun  15  laur  gene  noDet  Muntiacus    muntjak      (muntjac)
PRDM9b_munMun  13  laur  gene  noDet  Muntiacus    muntjak      (muntjac)
PRDM9a_munMun   7  laur  gene  noDet  Muntiacus    muntjak      (muntjac)
PRDM7_bosTau   --  laur  pseu  GAS8+  Bos          taurus       (cattle)
PRDM7_turTru    9  laur  gene  gas8+  Tursiops     truncatus    (dolphin)
PRDM7_susScr    9  laur  gene  GAS8+  Sus          scrofa       (pig)
PRDM7_canFam    5  laur  pseu  GAS8+  Canis        familiaris   (dog)
PRDM7_felCat   11  laur  gene  GAS8+  Felis        catus        (cat)
PRDM7_ailMel    6  laur  gene  GAS8+  Ailuropoda   melanoleuca  (panda)
PRDM9_pteVam   15  laur  pseu  noDet  Pteropus     vampyrus     (bat)
PRDM7_pteVam    7  laur  gene  GAS8+  Pteropus     vampyrus     (bat)
PRDM7_myoLuc    6  laur  gene  gas8+  Myotis       lucifugus    (bat)
PRDM7_equCab    4  laur  gene  GAS8+  Equus        caballus     (horse)
PRDM7_sorAra    8  laur  gene  noDet  Sorex        araneus      (shrew)
PRDM9a_loxAfr  12  afro  gene  noDet  Loxodonta    africana     (elephant)
PRDM9b_loxAfr   3  afro  pseu  noDet  Loxodonta    africana     (elephant)
PRDM7_loxAfr    5  afro  pseu  GAS8+  Loxodonta    africana     (elephant)
PRDM7_echTel    5  afro  pseu  noDet  Echinops     telfairi     (tenrec)
PRDM7_proCap   13  afro  gene  noDet  Procavia     capensis     (hyrax)

Comparative genomics of PRDM9 and PRDM7

PRDM9 is one of many human proteins sharing a set of common domains, as well as various multiplicities of the zinc finger domain C2H2. The diagram at left shows an effort at organizing these into phylogenetic tree according to structural considerations of the SET domain these proteins all share.

The traditional SET domain is too small for an enzyme with distinctive substrates so flanking sequence must be added despite its lack of apparent conservation. Using S-adenosyl methionine, PRDM9 places the third methyl group only on the fourth position arginine in histone H3, one of many such epigenetic methylases in the human genome. The histone recognized by such methylases correlates poorly with evolutionary grouping by SET domain (figure).

The upper left corner shows the variability in domain structure. While PRDM9 and PRDM7 share the same domains (an upstream KRAB domain is not shown), of PR-class homologs, PRDM11 shares only the SET domain despite nesting deep within the PRDM9 subtree. PRDM4 has both the SET and C2H2 domains, possibly sharing the early C2H2 domain in an exon beginning with a phase 2 splice acceptor (as shown in reference sequence section). Overall however, PRDM9 and PRDM7 have no full length homologs with matching exon structure. Even the SET domain is intronated differently within PR-class proteins (with the sole exception of PRDM11), suggesting either ancient divergence or unusual evolution. These incongruities may have arisen from domain shuffling, gain and loss.

The human PRDM9 sequence below is annotated in color for domains relative to exon breaks. The protein can be best understood in terms of concatenated domains, not all of which may be present in antecedent and descendant homologs. The first two domains KRAB and SSXRD interact with transcription factors.

Each C2H2 domain -- so named for two cysteines and two histidines liganding to a structural zinc ion -- recognizes a specific trinucleotide (more or less) and so concatenated in a large array recognize specific binding sites along the genome, though tolerance of nucleotide variability and synergistic effects between adjacent units make it difficult to read out these sites precisely, despite immense efforts.

The concatenated C2H2 domains, conserved at the amino acid level so necessarily similar at the dna level, are prone to replication slippage. This process can give rise to point mutations as well as leading to a peaked distribution of repeat number rather than to a single number. Many other unrelated genes with internal repeats (such as the octapeptide region of the prion gene PRNP) are also affected by replication slippage. Such proteins regions are conveniently identified genomewide by mRNA dot plots.

The C2H2 domains generally reside in a long distinctive terminal exon of splicing phase 2 that has been shuffled over mammalian evolutionary time into various contexts. Concepts such as paralogy and orthology need piecewise definitions in these composite proteins. Synteny (gene adjacency) plays a major role in reliably deconstructing events in specific lineages.

Here the unrelated single-copy conserved gene GAS8 plays an important role. PRDM7 occurs immediately distal to it on the negative strand, making the two genes are convergently transcribed). PRDM7 is otherwise the last gene on the q arm of its chromosome in many species which may predispose it to copy number dispersal events. PRDM9 is not consistently located within placental mammals, suggesting independent relocation events.

Both PRDM9 and PRDM7 contain a seldom-mentioned C2H2 domain early in the exon annotated by SwissProt and readily found by the online domain tools regardless of species. This domain conserves the four critical residues needed for zinc binding (and so the associated fold) but lacks the terminal cap TGEKP which otherwise serves to lock down a C2H2 zinc finger after it has scanned along genomic dna to an appropriate trinucleotide. The function of this early domain and the following 112 residues are unknown -- no homologous 3D structure has ever been determined.

The first C2H2 of the main repeat region is proximaly degenerate, beginning in VKY in all species (instead of YCE). The tyrosine cannot plausibly replace the usual cysteine for zinc binding though the other three needed residues are present. This domain ends in a typical cap region TGEKP. Humans are the exception here where the conserved helix-ending proline has been replaced with leucine in the reference human genome with unknown functional consequences.

>PRDM9_homSap Homo sapiens (human) Q9NQV7 10 exons chr5:23,509,579 span 18,301 bp KRAB SSXRD SET C2H2 cap
0 MSPEKSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
2 VKPPWMALRVEQRKHQK 0
0 GMPKASFSNESSLKELSRTANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPSGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1
2 ELRKKETERKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQYPDPHSRNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSCRVGKRIMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSVKSDVITHQRTHTGEKL
YVCRECGRGFSWKSHLLIHQRIHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLTHQRRHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLTHQRRHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFRDKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFRDKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFRNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSDRSSLCYHQRTHTGEKP YVCREDE* 0
          -1 23  6           traditional numbering of dna recognizing amino acids
HPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNH     alignment of early C2H2 domain
  *  *            *  *       zinc liganding positions

Only in PRDM11 (and PRDM1 to a lesser extent) is the SET domain intronated like PRDM9 and PRDM7:

>PRDM9_homSap 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1

>PRDM11_homSap intronation of SET domain
2 FCESCQEYFVDECPNHGPPVFVSDTPVPVGIPDRAALTIPQGMEVVKDTSGESDVRCVNEVIPKGHIFGPYEGQISTQDKSAGFFSWL 0
0 IVDKNNRYKSIDGSDETKANWMR 2
1 YVVISREEREQNLLAFQHSERIYFRACRDIRPGEWLRVWYSEDYMKRLHSMSQETIHRNLAR 1

>PRDM1_homSap intronation of SET domain
0 AAPKCNSSTVRFQGLAEGTKGTMKMDMEDADMTLWTEAEFEEKCTYIVNDHPWDSGADGGTSVQAEASLPRNLLFKYATNSEE 0
0 VIGVMSKEYIPKGTRFGPLIGEIYTNDTVPKNANRKYFWR 0
0 IYSRGELHHFIDGFNEEKSNWMRYVNPAHSPREQNLAACQNGMNIYFYTIKPIPANQELLVWYCRDFAERLHYPYPGELTMMNL 1

>PRDM4_homSap intronation of SET domain
2 WCTLCDRAYPSDCPEHGPVTFVPDTPIESRARLSLPKQLVLRQSIVGAEV 1
2 GVWTGETIPVRTCFGPLIGQQSHSMEVAEWTDKAVNHIWK 0
0 IYHNGVLEFCIITTDENECNWMMFVRKAR 2
1 NREEQNLVAYPHDGKIFFCTSQDIPPENELLFYYSRDYAQQI 1

Divergence of SET domains:

Different segmental duplications relate PRDM9 and PRDM7

In humans, PRDM9 and PRDM7 are related by a 26 kbp segmental duplication that begins about 8 kbp upstream of the start codon and continues through most of the 3' UTR. Since the retroposon patterns are nearly identical, the duplication must be fairly recent. The overall percent identity of non-coding dna is about 93%, again inconsistent with either early (within stem placental or late divergence (post-chimpanzee). The duplication contains a potentially diagnostic 1845 bp retroposon-free region upstream of the first coding exon.

Note PRDM7 is situated at the extreme tip of chromosome 16q, perhaps predisposing it to chromosomal copy number rearrangements. The syntenic context is TUBB3+ DEFB+ AFG3L1+ DBNDD1- GAS8+ PRDM7- qTel, meaning it is transcribed convergently with GAS8, a non-homologous highly conserved single copy gene often detectable even in low coverage genomes in the small contig containing PRDM7. This association has been extremely stable over boreoeutheran placental mammal evolutionary time and so serves to reliably define PRDM7 orthologs and their spin-off copies. Elephants also have a gene pair similar to human PRDM9 and PRDM7. The former is at a syntenically novel site but the latter is an old pseudogene but still detectably adjacent to GAS8 in opposite orientation. It thus follows that 'PRDM9' in elephant is an independent earlier spin-off of its conventional PRDM7 gene. This is consistent with telomeric susceptibility to repeated rearrangements.

Recall here the actual definition of gene orthology: two genes in two species are orthologous if they are vertically descended from the same gene in their last common ancestor. Here the LCA of human and elephant is ur-placental mammal which had PRDM7 but no PRDM9. The two PRDM9 genes are thus not descended from a common ancestral PRDM9 gene but from parallel gene duplications of a common PRDM7 gene at different times in different clades during the course of mammalian speciation. Such genes are called in-paralogs within a given species and co-orthologs across them.

The syntenic context of PRDM9 is quite variable, supporting the scenario of multiple origins. This context can be used to count the number of distinct segmental duplications of PRDM7. For example, in humans, PRDM9 basically lies in a retroposon-rich gene desert but is eventually flanked by two pairs of cadherin genes at the much larger scale of 7 mbp. In rhesus, these same genes are seen (with some minor rearrangements), establishing that this PRDM9 segmental duplication preceded the divergence of old world monkeys.

Marmoset has a seemingly functional PRDM7 in the usual position facing GAS8, still at the extreme end of chromosome 20. The cadherin cluster is intact on chr2:178,954,165-180,696,523. However Blastx of the intervening dna -- which is similar in size to rhesus and human so not suggesting large deletions -- shows not even a suggestion of an old PRDM9 pseudogene. The assembly is gapless here. and Blastx is sensitive enough to detect very old pseudogenes provided they decayed by small indels and nucleotide substitutions. Thus it appears that PRDM7 never duplicated in marmoset -- placing that even in the stem to old world monkeys (or prior to tarsier divergence -- that assembly has poor coverage). Note that the marmoset PRDM7 has a respectable terminal zinc finger array of twelve units, enough to specify 36 bp.

Gene  Strand Protein      Start     Species
CDH18    -   cadherin 18  19981287  homSap  ponAbe  macMul
CDH12    -   cadherin 12  22853731  homSap  ponAbe  macMul  calJac
PRDM9    +   human PRDM9  23528704  homSap  ponAbe  macMul  calJac
CDH10    -   cadherin 10  24644911  homSap  ponAbe  macMul  calJac
CDH9     -   cadherin 9   27038689  homSap  ponAbe  macMul

Lemurs present a new complication. The Otolemur assembly has two distinct and seemingly functional PRDM7 copies (each with seven zinc fingers) containing GAS8 end-sequence in expected opposite orientation. One of the GAS8 copies appears to be a pseudogene. This represents a new type of lineage-specific segmental duplication. There is no sign of PRDM9. The other lemur with an assembly, Microcebus murinus, has but a single copy, again with seven zinc fingers. The only relevant contigs (ABDC01433247 and ABDC01371462) contain no coding syntenic information so this gene cannot be assigned to PRDM7 with certainty.

The tree shrew assembly, like tarsier, has low coverage and only blast matches to zinc finger arrays that cannot be assigned to the PRDM family. This cannot be totally attributed to low coverage because many ordinary genes are satisfactorily represented in these species. Other issues such as telomeric position, gene copy number (mobility), pseudogenization, deletional loss, chimerization, and individual heterozygosity must be affecting recovery of PRDM9 gene models in these species.

Moving on to laurasiatheres, Bos taurus presents a much more complicated situation. First, the GAS8 locus on chr18 contains the first two exons of a PRDM7 pseudogene in expected orientation but distal regions of the gene are completely deleted. The cadherin locus on chr20 is also intact but the 2.6 mbp region between CDH12 and CDH10 contains no indication of PRDM9, consistent with that segmental duplication being primate-specific and PRDM7 being the older parental location. This holds in the Baylor 4.0 assembly carried at UCSC, the Baylor 4.2 assembly, and the alternative assembly of the same data, UMD3.1. The latter two can be queried by the genomic blast server at NCBI.

A third locus on chr 1 hosts an unreviewed GenBank pipline entry called PRDM9, derived as NW_003053109 from the alternative bovine assembly UMD3.1 Staff corrected an unspecified frameshift to fix the reading frame -- a dangerous practise in a gene family so prone to pseudogenization. The gene, called PRDM9a here, resides on the extreme end of chromosome 1 and differs from the Baylor 4.0 assembly at two amino acids outside the zinc finger region. The syntenic context here is novel: EFHB- RAB5A+ PCAF+ ZNF596- PRDM9a- which corresponds overall to human chr 3. The juxtapositioning of two zinc finger proteins on the same strand causes PRDM9 alignments to extend spuriously into the 12 zinc fingers of ZNF596, jumping over its 5 earlier coding exons.

ZNF596 contains a KRAB domain but no SET methylase. Humans encode a best-blast protein of the same assigned name on chr 8 (77% identity). Note the early exons of ZNF596 can be added to end of PRDM9a to form an artificial probe for this association in other species, though the two genes have a 43,400 bp spacer in cow, which is large relative to contig size in low coverage assemblies. The sole fragmentary transcript from yak testis (EF432551) is nearly identical to this PRDM9a, suggesting that the gene -- and perhaps its syntenic location -- became established prior to yak-cow divergence and is still functional. However its array of seven zinc fingers could recognize at most a region of 21 bp.

ZNF596 did not arise from a PRDM9-like gene through loss of the SET domain, though it is one of the better matches within the large zinc finger family. Excluding the zinc finger domain, ZNF343, ZNF133 and ZNF169 provide much higher blastp scores, as they also do just comparing the zinc finger arrays. The juxtaposition of ZNF596 and PRDM9a is likely coincidental rather than a consequence of inhomogeneous recombination between zinc fingers bringing PRDM9 to this site.

The fourth PRDM9 locus of interest, called here PRDM9b, is still not mapped to any bovine chromosome. It resides in contig DAAA02065087 in the UMD3.1 assembly and is temporarily assigned to chr Un.004.649 at Baylor assembly. Here the reading frame in exon two can be restored if a run of 5 A's is corrected to 6 A's. That is done here in the reference sequences because this is typically just sequencing error. The protein has a full set of domains KRAB SSXRD SET C2H2 with a moderate zinc finger array of five. Synteny cannot be determined in chr Un features which can simply pool unrelated unplaceable contigs into a manageable unit. Flanking dna in DAAA02065087map to several places in the cow genome, suggesting this feature has copy number attributes, perhaps of telomeric repeat type. PRDM9b is not a recent feature because it differs at a considerable number of amino acids from other PRDM9 in the cow genome. These substitutions avoid highly conserved residues, not consistent with early pseudogenization. PRDM9b is capable of histone marking but it is not clear whether that has functional significance to meiosis.

Yet another locus in the Baylor 4.0 assembly, called PRDM9c here, could not initially be placed on a cow chromosome. While such features are often assembly artefacts, this one is supported by a transcript from 4-cell embryos (GO353654) consistent with a role in or after meiosis. In UMD3.1, this gene has been placed on chr X. Despite a very large contig, no zinc fingers occur in any reading frame, suggesting that the gene was transferred here without the last exon (or it subsequently got deleted). In any event, the penultimate exon does not have a phase 1 splice donor in expected position and so terminates at the next stop codon downstream. The protein retains the KRAB, SSXRD and SET domains but does not possess the ability to scan or bind dna. It has accrued various amino acid substitutions relative to other bovine that rule out recent establishment.

Finally, two additional genes, denoted PRDM9d and PRDM9e here, are located as a parallel tandem pair in a higher quality region of bovine chr X. These are 96% identical as proteins, consistent with one being derived fairly recently from the other. Synteny here will not be informative until other ruminant genomes become available.

Overall the situation in cow is very different from primates and rodents. Results there about the function of single-copy autosomal PRDM9 gnes in meiosis markup can scarcely be carried over to a species with five seemingly intact genes, three of which are on chr X (which intriguingly has the very limited pseudoautosomal region on chr Y where it can cross over).

The cow situation cannot be limited to the Hereford breed used for the genome project because the PRDM9 are too diverged from one another outside the zinc finger region. Indeed there is some suggestion from non-NCBI sheep genome that it too has many of these copies. However other cetartiodactyl genomes (dolphin, pig and alpaca) and other laurasiatheres (panda, dog, cat, shrew, bats) do not show these copies, suggesting that this complexity could be limited to pecoran ruminants. All-vs-all blastp percent identities are consistent with this, though rates of evolution in this gene family are hardly typical.This cannot be resolved with cow genome alone -- there is no good candidate still present for parent gene to all these copies. These results are summarized in the table below:

Gene   #ZNF  Status  Chr  Synteny  cDNA  Accession    9a_bosTau 9b_bosTau 9e_bosTau 9a_oviAri 9a_turTru 7_ailMel

PRDM7    -   pseudo  18    GAS8     no   none           --        --        --        --        --       --
PRDM9a   7     ok     1    ZNF596   yes  NW_003053109  100%      85%        81%       82%       76%      72%
PRDM9b   5     ok     ?    not det  no   DAAA02065087   81%     100%        78%       79%       72%      68%
PRDM9c   0     ok     X    not det  yes  XM_002699750   80%      80%        82%       83%       74%      73%
PRDM9d   9     ok     X    ---      no   none           80%      78%        96%       93%       73%      67%
PRDM9e   9     ok     X    ---      no   none           81%      78%       100%       93%       73%      68%

Structural considerations in C2H2 zinc fingers

High resolution structures of C2H2 zinc finger domains have been available for decades. As the name suggests, the divalent zinc atom locks the two cysteines and two histidines into a rigid geometry providing a core conformation that a small peptide of 28 residues could not otherwise stably assume. Note in the unbound state, finger tips must retain flexibility while the domain ensemble scans its genome for specific dna sequences appropriate to its function. Each finger binds a trinucleotide -- in effect making a zinc finger the protein counterpart to tRNA anticodon. However overall binding is not a simple read-off code because adjacent fingers alter each other's specificities in subtle ways.

The linker region TGEKP plays a key role when the correct DNA sequence is encountered, snap-locking its finger down onto its target by capping the C-terminus of its alpha helix. A hydrogen bond between the first threonine and middle glutamate is key to this binding-induced conformational shift. From comparative genomics, it appears that a serine in first position can also form this hydrogen bond. The role of the glycine is to stay out of the way; the lysine counterbalances the negative charge of the glutamate; the proline terminates any helical propensity, allowing a fresh start in the adjacent finger.

While this motif is immensely conserved within C2H2 zinc finger of PDRM9 homologs, exceptions do occur. It is important to understand these because these loss of dna lock-down could loosen or even eliminate trinucleotide binding specificity. Such steps might represent initial stages of pseudogenization. However many exceptions occur within the first or last fingers. It is also common for fragmentary and imperfect motifs to end the protein, sometimes continuing on in another reading frame past the current stop codon.

Note in aligning zinc finger motifs, the breaks should always be put at the end of the linker region. It is completely illogical to break at the first cysteine as some authors do because capping by the linker region is specific to its zinc finger, not the following one.

Predicting dna binding sites of zinc finger domains

Curated reference sequences

The sequences below have been compiled from genome projects -- only rarely do validating transcripts exist at GenBank. Sequences with a single frameshift or other glitch have been edited to allow full length proteins on the theohry that the error either reflects an aberrant atypical individual chosen for sequencing or simple error in low coverage projects within a difficult repeat region. However such sequences may instead reflect early stages of pseudogenization. Many sequences are in fact clearly pseudogenes; here recognizable exons have been collected to allow rough dating of loss of function.

In the case of more intensively studied species such as human and mouse, the number of C2H2 repeats varies widely. Only the most common representative is shown here. This variation likely occurs in all species but the individual animal chosen for sequencing may or may not be typical. Many clades have distinctive patterns of gene amplification and gene loss, making both orthologous and functional comparisons problematic.

Other useful sequences such as the GAS8 synteny neighbor, other zinc finger quasi-homologs having similar exon and domain structures, and bogus orthologs outside of mammals are also included for reference purposes.

Carnivores -- but not bats or horses -- have an intervening cadherin gene before GAS8:

PRDM7_ailMel    1724     1   579   579 100.0%  GL193502.1  +-     628987    644235  15249
CAD1_homSap      185   133   334   882  72.9%  GL193502.1  +-     620344    624223   3880
GAS8_homSap     1110     2   478   478  91.0%  GL193502.1  ++     594843    609901  15059

PRDM7_canFam     681   141   880   884  82.3%     5  ++   66560684  66567275   6592
CAD1_homSap      368   134   521   882  74.7%     5  ++   66571832  66581008   9177
GAS8_homSap     1188     2   478   478  93.4%     5  +-   66587321  66604940  17620

PRDM7_felCat     707   337   572   572 100.0%  Un_ACBE01450414  +-      10493     13105   2613
CAD1_homSap      130   133   223   882  74.7%  Un_ACBE01450414  +-       3902      4280    379

PRDM7_equCab    1294     1   435   435 100.0%     3  +-   36378853  36387224   8372
GAS8_homSap     1176     2   478   478  93.0%     3  ++   36348528  36361906  13379

>PRDM9_homSap Homo sapiens (human) gene genome CDH12- CDH10- chr5 10 exon size 18,301 bp KRAB SSXRD SET C2H2
0 MSPEKSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMALRVEQRKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFSNESSLKELSRTANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPSGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRKKETERKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQYPDPHSRNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSCRVGKRIMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSVKSDVITHQRTHTGEKL  
YVCRECGRGFSWKSHLLIHQRIHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLTHQRRHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLTHQRRHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFRDKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFRDKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFRNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDRSSLCYHQRTHTGEKP YVCREDE* 0 
 
>PRDM9_homNea Homo neanderthalus (neanderthal) gene genome CDH12- CDH10- chr5 C2H2 variants R HDL S R
0 MSPEKSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMALRVEQRKHQK 1  
0 GMPKASFSNESSLKELSRTANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPSGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRKKETERKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 1  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 2 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQYPDPHSRNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSCRVGKRIMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSVKSDVITHQRTHTGEKL  
YVCRECGRGFSWKSHLLIHQRIHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLTHQRRHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLTHQRRHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWQSVLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFRDKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFRDKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFRNKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDRSSLCYHQRTHTGEKP  
 
>PRDM9_panTro Pan troglodytes (chimp) gene genome CDH12- CDH10- chr5 frag assembly glitch in mid C2H2
0 MSPERSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPLMALRVEQRKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFSNESSLKELSRTANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELKKKETEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYKGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQYPDPRSRNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSCRVGKRIMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTAKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSVKSDVITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWKSHLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHRTTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQQSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSKQSHLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVQSNLLSHQRTHTGEKL  
YVCRECGRGFSQQSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCR  LLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSKQSHLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQQSHLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQQSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECERGFSQQSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRQSALLIHQRTHTGEKP* VCREDE* 0 
 
>PRDM9_gorGor Gorilla gorilla (gorilla) CABD02290264 notDet notDet chr5 -------- several contigs needed, most of ZNF domain missing
0 MSPERSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
0 VKPPCMALRVEQRKHQK 0
0 GMPKASFSNESSLKELSRTANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1
2 ELRKKETEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1
2 yCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPIFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYKGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARTLLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQYPDPRSRNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSCRVGKRIMEEESR TGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
KVKYGECGQGFSVKSDVITHQRTHTGEKP
YVC

>PRDM9_ponAbe Pongo abelii (orangutan) gene genome CDH12- CDH10- chr5 frameshift extra a penultimate ZNF
0 MSPERSQEESPEDDTERTERKPT 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMALRVEQRKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFNNESSLKELSETANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRSKETEGNTYSLRERKGHAYKEISEPQDDDYL 1 
2 CEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALTLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITKDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNHEQQYSDPRSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSCRVGKRIMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSVKSDVITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRQSVLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRRSVLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQQSVLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRRSVLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWKSVLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQQSVVFIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSGKSVLFRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDKSGVCYHQRTHTRGEA LCLQGVWAGL* 0  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSNLLSHQRTHTEEKLYVCREDE* 0 
 
>PRDM9_nomLeu Nomascus leucogenys (gibbon) gene ADFV01015315 no GAS8 ADFV01015317 ADFV01015319 no CDH but blastn best matchs PRDM9
0 MSPERSQEESPEEDTERTEQKPT 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 AAHGPPTFIKDSTVGKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 1 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 1  
2 EPKAEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVARHHSSQNFPGPSARKFLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQYSDPRSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSSPKVQMGSCRVGKRII
EESRTGQKVNPGNTGQLFVGVGISRIAE  
VKYAECGQGFSDKSDVITHQRTDTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSVKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSKKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDKSSLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDKSSLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSSLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDKSSLLRHQRTHTGEKP* 0  
 
>PRDM9_macMul Macaca mulatta (rhesus) gene genome CDH12- CDH10- chr6 exon 4 lost to Ns
0 MSPERSQEESPEEDTERTERKPT 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 GMPKASFNNESSLKEVSGMANLLNTSGSEQAQKPVSPPGEARTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRRKETEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFIKDSAVEKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITQDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSTQNFPGPSARRLFQPENLCSGDQNQEQQYSDPRSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWPKEISRAFSSPPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEEYRTGQKVNPENTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSDKSDVIIHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSQKSSLRRHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFRDNSSLRYHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSNNSGLCYHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSDNSSLHRHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSNNSGLRYHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSNNSGLRHHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSQKANLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSQKADLLSHQRTHTGEKP* VCRKDE* 0 

>PRDM9_papHam Papio hamadryas (baboon) gene genome
0 MSPERSQEESPEEDTERTEWKPM 0
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
2 VKPPWMAVRVEQSKHQK 0
0 GMPKASFNNESSLKEVSGMANLLNTSGSEQAQKPVSPPGEARTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRRKETEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFIKDSAVEKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITQDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSTQNFPGPSARRLLQPENLCSGDQNQEQQYSDPCSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQKEISRAFSSPPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEESRTGQKVNPENIGKLFVEVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSDKSDVVIHQRTHTREKP  
YLCRECGRGFSQKSNLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFRDNSSLRCHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFRDNSSLRCHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSDNSSLRYHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFRDNSSLRYHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSVKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSDNSSLRCHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSQMSHLRCHQRTHTGEKP  
YLCRECGRGFSVKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKANLLSHQRTHTGEKP* 0
   
>PRDM9_musMus Mus musculus (mouse) gene Q96EQ9 chr17 CN723438 eight transcripts, four from retina or brain PSMB1- TBP+ PDCD2 PRDM7x-CDH1-
0 MNTNKLEENSPEEDTGKFEWKPK 0  
0 VKDEFKDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYKMLISI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCYQRQAMKPQINDSEDSDEEWTPKQQ 1 
2 VSPPWVPFRVKHSKQQK 0  
0 ESSRMPFSGESNVKEGSGIENLLNTSGSEHVQKPVSSLEEGNTSGQHSGKKL 1 
2 KLRKKNVEVKMYRLRERKGLAYEEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDSCPNHGPPLFVKDSMVDRGHPNHSVLSLPPGLRISPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPVGLHFGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGQDESQANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRKIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKMKKGFTAGR 1 
2 ELRTEIHPCLLCSLAFSSQKFLTQHMEWNHRTEIFPGTSARINPKPGDPCSDQLQEQHVDSQNKNDKASNEVKRKSKPRQRISTTFPSTLKEQMRSEESKRTVEELRTGQTTNTEDTVKSFIASEIS
SIERQCGQYFSDKSNVNEHQKTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQNSHLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSVLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSVLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSVLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSVLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSVLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSNLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGWGFTQKSDLIQHQRTHTREK* 0  
 
>PRDM9_ratNor Rattus norvegicus (rat) gene P0C6Y7 chr1 FM103467 single transcript: body fat PSMB1- TBP+ PDCD2 PRDM7x-CDH1-
0 MNTNKPEENSTEGDAGKLEWKPK 0  
0 VKDEFKDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYKMLISI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCYQRQAIKPQINDNEDSDEEWTPKQQ 1 
2 VSSPWVPFRVKHSKQQK 0  
0 ETPRMPLSDKSSVKEVFGIENLLNTSGSEHAQKPVCSPEEGNTSGQHFGKKLKL 1 
2 RRKNVEVNRYRLRERKDLAYEEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDSCPNHGPPVFVKDSVVDRGHPNHSVLSLPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPVGLHFGPYKGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGQDESQANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRKIFYRTCRVIRPGRELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKMKKGFTAGR 1 
2 ELRTEIHPCFLCSLAFSSQKFLTQHVEWNHRTEIFPGASARINPKPGDPCPDQLQEHFDSQNKNDKASNEVKRKSKPRHKWTRQRISTAFSSTLKEQMRSEESKRTVEEELRTGQTTNIEDTAKSFIASETS
RIERQCGQCFSDKSNVSEHQRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGRGFSQKSDLIKHQRTHTEEKP  
YICRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTEEKP  
YICRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTEEKP  
YICRECGRGFTQKSSLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGLGFTQKSNLIRHLRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGLGFTRKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGQGLTWKSSLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGRGFTWKSSLIQHQRTHTVEK* 0  
 
>PRDM9_musMol Mus molossinus (wild_mouse) gene GU216230 ---- false iMet
0 MNTNKLEENSPEEDTGKFEWKPK 0  
0 VKDEFKDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYKMLISI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCYQRQAMKPQINDSEDSDEEWTPKQQ 1 
2 VSPPWVPFRVKHSKQQK 0  
0 ESSRMPFSGESNVKEGSGIENLLNTSGSEHVQKPVSSLEEGNTSGQHSGKKL 1 
2 KLRKKNVEVKMYRLRERKGLAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDSCPNHGPPLFVKDSMVDRGHPNHSVLSLPPGLRISPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPVGLHFGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGQDESQANWMR 2  
0 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRKIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKMKKGFTAGR 1 
2 ELRTEIHPCLLCSLAFSSQKFLTQHMEWNHRTEIFPGTSARINPKPGDPCSDQLQEQHVDSQNKNDKASNEVKRKSKPRQRISTTFPSTLKEQMRSEESKRTVEELRTGQTTNTEDTVKSFIASEIS
SIERQCGQYFSDKSNVNEHQKTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSVLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTEKSSLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGWGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQKSSLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGWGFTQKSNLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGWGFTQKSDLIQHQRTHTREK* 0  

>PRDM9_musCas Mus musculus castaneus ADA68112terminal fragment 
 ESKRTVEELRTGQTTNTEDTVKSFIASEIS
SIERQCGQYFSDKSNVNEHQKTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSVLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTARSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTEKSSLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGWGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSSLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGWGFTQKSNLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGWGFTQKSDLIQHQRTHTREK*

>PRDM9_musSpi Mus spicilegus 281398541 terminal fragment 
 ESKRTVEELRTGQTTNTEDTVKSFIASEIS
SIERQCGQYFSDKSNVNEHQKTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTAKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKSHLTQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTAKSHLTQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTAKSNLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQNSHLTQHQRTHTGEKS
YVCRECGWGFKQKSDLIQHQRTHTREK*

>PRDM9_micAgr Microtus agrestis ADA68122 terminal fragment
ESKKTMEEELRTEQKTNTEDAVRSFIGSEIS
RVGGERGQCFSDKSNVNEHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSNLNVHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKALLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKALLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSYLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTGKSNLNVHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSYLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTGKSLLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSYPILHQRTHTGEK*

>PRDM9_arvTer Arvicola terrestris ADA68121 terminal fragment
ESKKTMEEELRTDQKTNTEDAIKSFIGSEVS
RVEGECGQCFNDKSNVNERQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSVLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSVLINHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSHLIFHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSHLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTWKSVLILHQRTHTGERP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSHLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSHLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSVLILHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSVLINHQRTHTGEK*

>PRDM9_perPol Peromyscus polionotus ADA68120 terminal fragment
ESKKTMEEALRTGQKTNTKDTVKSLIGSEFS
RIETECGQRFSDKSNVNESQRTHSEEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGKGFIRKSHLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSHLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTQKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIRKSYLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGKGFTWKSVLIRHQRTHTVEK*

>PRDM9_perMan Peromyscus maniculatus ADA68119 terminal fragment
ESKKTMEEELRTGQKTNTKDTVKSLIGSEIS
RTETECGQHFSDKSNANESQRTHSEEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIRKSHLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFAQKSVLIYHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTRKSHLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFAQKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSHLIRHQRTHTGEK*

>PRDM9_perLeu Peromyscus leucopus ADA68118 terminal fragment
ESKKTMEEALRTGQKTNTKDTVKSLIGSEIS
RIETECGQRFSDKSNANESQRTHSEEKP
YVCRECGQGFTRKSYLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTRKSYLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSVLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTRKSYLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTRKSYLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFIQKSHLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTRKSYLICHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGQGFTWKSVLIRHQRTHTAEK*

>PRDM9_merUng Meriones unguiculatus ADA68117 terminal fragment
 ESKRTMEELTTGQKTNTEDTVKSFIGSEIS
GTGRECGQCFSDKSNVSEHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFMQRSNLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFMQRSNLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKSVLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKPHLISHQRTHTGEKP
HVCRECGRGFTQRSNLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKPHLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKPHLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKSVLISHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTVKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECRRGFTQRSTLIRHQRTHTGEKP
HVCRECGRGFTRGSHLLRHQRTHTGEVLPFQ*

>PRDM9_apoSyl Apodemus sylvaticus ADA68116 terminal fragment
GGKRTVEEEIRTVQSTNTDDKVKSVIASEIS
RVERQRGQCFSDKSNVSERQGTHTGEKP
CVCRECGRGFTQKSHLNRHQRTHTGEKP
HVCRECGRGFTQKSHLNRHQRTHTGEKP
HVCRECGRGFTLKSNLNRHQRTHTGEKP
CVCRECGRAFTQKSDLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSNLNQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSLLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSDLNRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGLTQKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTLKSDLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSDLNRHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTQKSNLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTLKSDLIQHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFTRKSDLNRHQRTHTGEK*

>PRDM9_dipOrd Dipodomys ordii (kangaroo_rat) dubious fragment, no orthologous terminal exon
0  0
0 VKDAFKDISMYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKIHYRNMKRNYNMLISI 1
2 GLKAPRPVFMCHRRQAIKPQVDDTDDSDEEWTPGRQ 1
2  0
0  1
2 elRTKEVKMRMYSLRERKSYAYEEISEPQDDDYL 1
2 yCEQCQNFFINSCTVHGPPIFVRDNVVDKGHYDRSVLSLPPGLRIRQSSIPEAGLGVWNEESDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITEDEDAANSGYSWM 0
0 ITKGRNCYVYVDGKDKSQANWMR 2
1 YVNCARYDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIKAGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKRELTA 1
2  * 0

>PRDM9_speTri Spermophilus tridecemlineatus (squirrel) AAQQ01308561 AAQQ01676112 plus exon by exon traces
0  0
0 VKDAFKDVSIFFSNEEWAEMGEWEKIPYRNVKRNYNMLISI 1
2 GFRAPRPAFMCHQRQTIKLQMDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
2  0
0 LKPEVLLSNESSLKELSGTANLLNTSGSEQVQKPVSPLREASASRQHSRRKL 1
2 ELRTKEVEVKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1
2 yCDKCQNFFMDSCPVHGPPTFIKDSVVNKDHSNHSTLSLPLGLRIGPSSIPEAGLGVWNEATDLPLGLHFGPYRGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDESQANWMR 2
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELSAGR 1
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVDRSHPSQIFPGTSMRKKLIPGDSSPRDQLQEQQHPDPHGWNDKARGQEVQGSLKPTHKGTRQRGISSPPKGQMGRSEESERMMEDDLKADQEINPEDTDKILVGVEMSRI * 0

>PRDM7a_oryCun Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) frameshifts: ttt should be tt in exon 2; ZNF cc to ccc loses 3.5 ZNF GCNT4 ZNF717+ DCAF4 +YAP1+ PRDM9- PPIL1 qTer chrUn0161
0 MSAAAPAEPSPGADAGQARGKPE 0
0 VQDAFRDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYCALVAI 1
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRRLAVRARADDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
2 VKPPWMAFRTEHSKHQK 0
0 GMPRLPVNNESSLKELSGTANLLKTTGSEEDQKPSFPPKETRTSGQHSTRKL 1
2 GLRRKNIEVKMYSFRKRKSQAYKECSEPQDDDYL 1
2 YCEKCQNFFLDSCAVHGPPIFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSVLSLPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITEEEEAANSGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDRSWANWMR 2
1 YVNCARNDEEQNLVAFQYHKQIFYRTCQVIKPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKEELTAGR 1
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSSHKFLSQHMERSHSSQIFPGAPARNHLQPANPCPGKEHQKLSDPQSWNDKNEGQDVKEKSRFSSKRTRQKAISRSFSSLPKGQVETSREGERMIEEEPRIGQELNPEDTGKSSVGAGLSRIAG
VKYRDCRQGLSDKSHLINGQRAHTGEKP
YACRECERGFTVKSNLISHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGRGFTVKSALTTHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGRGFTVKSHLISHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGRGFTVKSALITHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGQGFTVKSNLISHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGRGFTQKSHLINHLRAHTGEKP
YACRECGRGFTVKSDLISHQRTHTGEKP YACRVDE*

>PRDM7b_oryCun Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) chrUn0106 STI3 PRDM9b+ ZNF338 ZNF605 GOLGA3 POLE
0 VQDAFRDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKSRYRNVKRNYCALVAI 1
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRRLAVRARADDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
2 VKPPWMAFRTEHSKHQK 0
0 GMPRLPVNNESSLKELSGIANLLNTTGSEEDQKPSFPPKETRTSGQHSTRKL 1
2 GLRRKNIEVKMYSFRKRKSQAYKECSEPQDDDYL 1
2 YCEKCQNFFLDSCAVHGPPIFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSVLSLPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITEEEEAANSGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDRSWANWMR 2
1 YVNCARNDEEQNLVAFQYHKQIFYRTCQVIKPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKEELTAGR 1
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSSHKFLSQHMECSHSSQIFPGAPARNHLQPANPCPGKEHQKLSDPQSWNDKNEGQDVKEKSRFSSKRTRQKAISRSFSSLPKGQVETSREGERMIEEEPRIGQELNPEDTGKSSVGAGLSRIAG
VKYRDCRQGLSDKSHLINGQRAHTGEKP
YACRECGQSFTVKSNLISHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGRGFTQKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YACRECGQSFTWKSNLISHQRTHTGEKP YACRVDE* 0 

>PRDM9_ochPri Ochotona princeps (pika) gene AAYZ01312269 ---- dubious fragment, no orthologous terminal exon
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 yCEMCQNFFIESCAVHGSPTFVKDGHPHRSVLSLPSGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNETTDLPLGLHFGPYEGQVTEEEEATNSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNRYEYVDGKDPSQANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARNDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRAVRQGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKEELTAGR 1 
2 * 0  
 
>PRDM9_turTru Tursiops truncatus (dolphin) gene genome 
0 MSTDRWPEDSTEGDAGRTAWKPT 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFSKEEWTEMGEWEKIRYRNVKKNYEALVTL 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRRQAIKAQVGDPEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPSWVAFRVEHSKHQK 0  
0 AVPPVPLSNESSLKKLPGAAQLQKASGPAQAQSPAPPPGAASTSAWHTRQKL 1 
2 ERRAKQIEVKMYSLRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIDSCAAHGAPTFVKDSAVEKGHPNRSALTLPPGLSIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDTSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYSQELGIPWGSGWKSQLVAAGR 1 
2 DPKPKIQPCGSCSLAFSSQKILSQHVECSHPSQVLPRTSARDRVQPEDPCPGYQNRQQQYSDPHSWSNKPECQEVKERSKPLLKRIRLGRISRAFSSSPKGQMGSSRAHERMMEAGPSTGQKVNPEATGKLLIGAGVSRVVK
VKYRSSGQGSKDRSSLTKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSLKSDLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSLKSGLISHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSQKSGLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSLKSGLISHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSQKSGLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSLKSGLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSQKSNLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRDFSRKSSYI* 0  
 
>PRDM9_pteVam Pteropus vampyrus (bat) pseudo ABRP01232219 15201 bp occupies 866-9109 frameshift ttt to tttt fixed in last zinc finger. GAS8 test not feasible. no blastx synteny
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 vQPSWVAFGVEQSKHQK 0  
0 AMPRVPLSNESSLKELSVIANPLKASGSEQNQQPVFPPGKASASRQHSRRKL 1 
2 LRRKGVEVKMDSLRERMGRVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 CEKCQNFFIDSCAAHGSPIFVKDSEVDIGHPNHSALTLPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASNLPLGLLFGPYEGQVTEDEEAANSKYS*M 0 
0 spKGETAEYVDGKDESRANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEDQNLVAFQFRRQIFYRTCRVIMPGCELLVWYGDEYGQGLGIKWGSKWKREFTAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSSRKFLSQHMKRSHPSQSLPGISARKHLQSKEPHPEDQSQQQQQQQHTDPCSWNDKAEGQEVKERSKPMLERNGQRKISRAFSKPPKGQMGSPRECERMMEAEPSTSQKVNPENTGKSSVGVGASRIVR
VKYGGCGHGFDDGSHFIRHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFNEKSSLTMHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECE*GFSVKSSLIRHQRTYSGEKP  
FVCRECEQGFNEKSSLTMHQRTHSGEKP  
FFCRECE*GFSVKSSLIRHQRTHSGQKP  
FVCRECKRGFTQKSHLITHQRTHSGEKP  
F CRECERGFTQKSHLIKHQRTHSGEKP FVCRECA* 
 
>PRDM9a_bosTau Bos taurus (cattle) gene NW_003053109 chr1 
0 MRPNTSPEESTERDAGRTEWKPT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISVYFSKEEWEEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATRPAFMHHRRQVIKLQADDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKLSSMAFRVEHNKHQN 0  
0 TMSRAPLSKEFSLKELPGAAKLLKTSGSKQAQKLVPPPGKARTPGQHPRQKV 1 
2 ELRRKETEVKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQSFFIDSCAAHGPPIFVKDCAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRESSIPEAGLGVWNEVSDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKRRNCYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYHGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQDLGIKRESSRKSELAGPR 1 
2 ESKPKIHPCASCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVQHNHPSQTLLRPSARDYLQPEDPCPGSQNQQQRYSDPHSPSDKPEGREVKDRPQPLLKSIRLKRISRASSYSPRGQMGASGVHERITEEPSTSQKPNPEDTGKLFMGAGVSGIIK
VKYGECGQGSKDRSSLITNQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFNQKSTLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFNQKSTLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSTLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFNQKSTLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFNQKSTLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSRKSTLITHQRTHRGEKL CLQGV* 0 
 
>PRDM9b_bosTau Bos taurus (cattle) gene DAAA02065087 chrU aaaaa fixed to aaaaaa in exon 2 KRAB SSXRD SET C2H2
0 MRPNRSPEESTEGDAGRTEWKPM 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEEWEEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEVLITI 1 
2 GFRAARPAFMHHRRQVIKPQVNDIKDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPFSMAFRVEHSKHQK 0  
0 KGMSRAPLSKESSLKELPGAAKLLKTSGCKQAQKLVPPPRKARTPEQHPRQKV 1 
2 ERRRKETGVKRYSLREREGLVYQEVSEPLDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQSFFIDICAAHRPPTFVKDCAVEKGHANCSALTLPPGLSIRLSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDKEAAHSRYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYQGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGWDLSIKQDSRGKNKLAAGR 1 
2 AKMHPCASCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVQRNHPSQTLLRPSARDHLQPEDPCPGNQNQQQRYSDPHSPSDKPEGRKAKDRPQPLLKSIKLKRISRASSYSPRGQVGRSGVHERITEEPSTSQKLNPEDTGKLFMGAGVSGIIK
VKYRECGQGSKDRSSLITHERTHRAEAL  
CLRRVWAKLQSEVPLLVMHQRTHTGEKL  
YVCGECGKSFSQKSPLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGKSFSQKSPLIRHQRTHTGKKP  
YVCRECGRSFSDKSHHT PEYTHRGEAL HLRGVWAKLQCQVQAHQTPEDTHRGAALCLQRV* 0 
 
>PRDM9c_bosTau Bos taurus (cattle) gene XM_002699750 chrX GO353654 4-cell embryo transcript no zinc downstream despite 43k bp; KRAB SSXRD SET
0 MSQNRSPEERTKGDAGRTEWKLT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKTGYRNVKRNYEVLIAI 1 
2 GLRATQPAFMHHRRQVIKPQGDDTEDSDEEWTPQHQ 1 
2 GKPSRKAFRMEHRKHQK 0  
0 GKSRGPLSKVSSLKKLQGAAKLLNTSGSKWAQKPANPPRETRTLEQHSRQKV 1 
2 ELRRKETDMKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCQECQNFFIDSCDAHGPPTFVKDSAVEKGHANRSVLTLPPGLSIKLSGIPEAGLGVWNEASHLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDKEAINSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNSYEYVDGKDTSLaNWMR 2  
1 YVNCARHYEEQNLVAFQYHGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGEKLGIKCESRGKSMFAAGGVEGHPSSSTPPHSGELPR* 0 
 
>PRDM9d_bosTau Bos taurus (cattle) gene genome chrX chrX proximal tandem
0 MSPNRSPENSTEGDAGRTEWKPM 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGEWEKIQYRNVKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATQPGFMHHGRQVLKSQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSGMAFRGEPSKHPK 0  
0 RLSRGPLNKVSSLKKLPGAAKLLKKSGSKQAQKPVPPPREARTPGKHPRHKV 1 
2 ELRRKETEVKRYSVRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQIIYNEEDSNSGYCWL 0 
0 VTKGRNSYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYHGQIFYRTCRVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGEELGIKQDKRGKSKLSAQR 1 
2 EPKPKIYPCASCCLSFSSQKFLSQHVQRNHPSQILLRPSIGDHLQPEDPCPGSQNQQQRYSDPHSLSDKPEGREPKERPHPLLKGPKLCIRPKRISTASSYPPKGQMGGSEVHERMTEEPSTSQKLNPEDTGKLFMEAGVSGIVR
VNYGDHEQGSKDRSSLITHEKIHTGEKP  
YVCKECGKSFNGRSDLTKHKRTHTGEKP  
YACGECGRSFSFKKNLITHKRTHTREKP  
YVCRECGRSFNEKSRLTIHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCGDCGQSFSLKSVLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFNEKSRLTIHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCGDCGQSFSLKSVLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFNEKSRLTIHKRTHTGEKP  
YACGDCGQSFSLKSVLITHQRTHTGEKP YVCMECE* 0 
 
>PRDM9e_bosTau Bos taurus (cattle) gene genome chrX chrX distal tandem
0 MSPNRSPENSTEGDAGRTEWKPM 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATQPGFMHHRRQVLKPQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSGMAFRGERSKHQK 0  
0 RLSRGPLNKVSSLKKLPGAAKLLKKSGSKQAQKPVPPPREARTPGKHPRHKV 1 
2 ELRRKETKVKRYSVRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQIIYNEEDSHSGYCWL 0 
0 VTKGRNSYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYHGQIFYRTCRVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGEELGIKQDKRGKSKLSAQR 1 
2 EPKPKIYPCASCCLSFSSQKFLSQHVQRNHPSQILLRPSIGDHLQPEDPCPGSQNEQQRYSDPHSLSDKPEGREPKERPHPLLKGPKLCIRLKRISTASSYPPKGQMGGSEVHERMTEEPSTSQKLNPEDTGKLFMEAGVSGIVR
VKYGEHEQDSKDKSSLITHEKIHTGEKP  
YVCTECGKSFNWKSDLTKHKRTHSEEKP  
YACGECGRSFSFKKNLIIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSEKSNLTKHKRTHTGEKP  
YACGECGQSFSFKKNLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSEKSRLTTHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCGDCGQSFSLKSVLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFSVISNLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECEQSFREKSNLVRHQRTHTGEKP YVCMECE* 0 
 
>PRDM9a_bosGru Bos grunniens (yak) gene EF432551 ---- EF432551 testis transcript nearly identical PRDM9a_bosTau
2 NRSALTLPPGLSIRESSIPEAGLGVWNEVSDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKRRNCYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYHGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQDLGIKRESSRKSELAAPR 
2 ESKPKIHPCASCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVQHNHPSQTLLRPSARDYLQPEDPCPGSQNQQPRYSDPHSPSDKPEGREVK 
 
>PRDM9a_oviAri Ovis aries (sheep) gene genome chrX http://www.livestockgenomics.csiro.au/blast Length = 122,727,470 pos 5,137,237 vs ps at 67,435,875
0 MSPNRSPENSTEGDAGRTEWKPM 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATQPAFMHHHRQVIKPQVDDTEDSEEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSGMAFRGERSKHQK 0  
0 RLSRGPLNKVSSLKKLPGAAKLLKKTGSKQAQKPVPPPREARTPGQHPRHKV 1 
2 ELRRKETEVKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSELQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEECQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQVIYNEEASHSGYSWL 0 
0 VTKGRNSYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYHGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGEELGIKQDSRGKSKLSAQR 1 
2 EPKPKIHPCASCSLSFSSQKFLSQHVQRSHPSQILLRPSPRDHLQPEDPCPGKQNQQQRYSDPHSPSDKPEGQEPKERPHPLLKGPKLCIRLKRISTASSYTPKGQMGGSEVHEKMTEEPSTSQKLNPENTGKLFMEAGVSGIVR
VKYGEHEQGSKDKSSLITHERIHTGEKP  
YVCKECGKSFNGRSNLTRHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGQSFSLKSILITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFSEKSNLTRHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGQSFSLKSILITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFSVKSNLTRHKMTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFSQKPHLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFSAMSNLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFSAMSNLIRHQRTHTGEKP YVCREC* 0 
 
>PRDM9b_oviAri Ovis aries (sheep) pseudo genome chrX not tandem (62 mbp separation)
0 MSPNRSPENSTEGDAGRTEWKPM 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATQPAFMHHHRQVIKPQVDDTEDSEEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSGMAFRGERSKHQK 0  
0 GMSRGPLSKVSSLKKLPGTTKLLKTSGSKQAQKPVPSSREARTSG*HTRQKV 1 
2 ELGRKETDMKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCQECQNFFINSCDAHGPPTFVKDSAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRLSGIPEAGLGVWNEASHLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDKEAVNSGYSWL 0 
0 2  
1 YVNCARHYEEQNLVAFQYHGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGEKLGIRCESRGKSMLAAGR 1 
2 ELKPKIHPCASCSPAFSSQKFLSQYVQPNHPSQILLRPSARDHLQPEDPCPGNQNEQQ*YSDPHSPSDKPEGCKAKERPPWLLKSMSVRISMASSYSPKGQMRGSETHYRMTEEPSTSQKLNPEDIGKLFMGTGVSGIIK
IKYEECGQVSKDRSSLITHEGTHTREQS  
YVCRECGQSFSVKSSLIRLQRTHTGEKPY * 0 
 
>PRDM9c_oviAri Ovis aries (sheep) pseudo genome chr5 middle of 108,514,869 bp
0 0  
0 AKDAFKDISI*FSKEEWAEMGE*EKI*YRNVKRNYEALITTI 1 
2 GLRAP*PPFMYHRRQVIKPQVDDIEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 1  
2 ELRRKETEMKIYSLQKRKGHMYQEVSDPQDDNYL 1 
2 EKCQNF INSCAAHGPPTFVKDCVVEKGHASCSALtLSPGLSIRPSGIPEAGLRVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYKGQITDDEEVANSRYFWL 0 
0 2  
1 YVNCAQDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFS*TCWVVRPGCELLVWYRDEYGQELSIK*GSRHKSELTVRR 1 
2 PMCSCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVKCNHPSQILLKTSARDRLQPEDPCPGNPNQQQQYSDLHSWSDKPESRESKEKPQPLLKSIRLRRISRASSYSSRGQMGGFRVHKRMREEPSTGKEVSPEDAGKLFMGEGVSRIMR
VKYGDCG*GSKDRSSLMTHQRTHTGENP  
YVCREYE*SFSEKSSLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECWQSFGRKSTLITHQRMHTREKP  
CVCRECGRSFSKKSTLITHQRTHTGQKP * 0 
 
>PRDM9d_oviAri Ovis aries (sheep) gene genome chr1 near end chr1 276,223,652 of 276,225,005; cow also has a PDRM9 on its chr1
0 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEECAEMGEWEKICYRNAKRNCEALITI 1 
2 GLRATRLAFMHHCRQVIKPQVDDIEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 0  
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDTSLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYQGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQDLGIKRDSSGKSELAAGR 1 
2 * 0  
 
>PRDM9e_oviAri Ovis aries (sheep) pseudo genome recent chr 18 cow has PDRM7 pseudogene on its chr18 sheep GAS8 is on sheep chr14
0 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEECAEMGEWGKICYRNAKRNCEALITI 1 
2 GLRATRLAFMHHCRQVIKPQVDDIEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 GMSKALVSNKSSLKEMPGASKLLKTRGPKQAQIPVPAPREPSTSEQHPRQKV 1 
2 1  
2 HGLPTLVKDCAVEKGHANHSALSLSPGSSIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNKVSDLLLGLHFGSYVGQITDDEEAAKSGYSWL 0 
0 2  
1 YVNGAQD KEQNLVAFLTHRQIFY*TCRVVRPGCELLVWYRDTYSQELSIKCGSRWKSELTASR 1 
2 * 0  
 
>PRDM9a_munMun Muntiacus muntjak (muntjac) gene AC225653 no GAS8 ---- unordered contigs htgs complete no synteny tag stop instead of aag K, outgroup to sheep
0 MRPNRSPEESTEGDAGRTEQKPT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISVYFSKEEWEEMGDWEKIRYRNMKRNYEVLIAI 1 
2 GFRATRPDFMHHRRQVIKPQVDDTEDSDEEWAPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSSVAFRVEHSKHQK 0  
0 RMSRAPLSNESGLKELPGAAKPLKTSGSKQAQNPVPHHRKARTPGQLPRQKV 1 
2 ELRRKETGVKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSKPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDCAVEKGHANRSLLTLPPGLSIRLSGIPDAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDEEAANSGYAWL 0 
0 ITKGRDCYQYVDGKDTSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHGQIFYQTCQVVRPGCELLVWCGDEYGQDLGIKRNSRGKSELVAGR 1 
2 EPKPKIHPCASCSLAFTSQKFLSQHIQRSHPAQTLLRPSERNLLQPEHPCPGSQNQRYSDPHSLSDKPEGQEAKDRPQPLLKSIRLKRISRASSYSPGGQMGGSGVHERMKDEPSTSQKLNPEDTGTLLTGAGVSGIMR
VTYGECGKGSKDRSSLTTHERTHTGEKP  
YACRECGRSFRQKSDFITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGQCGRSFGRKFALIRHQRIHTGEKP  
YVCRECGQSFSQKTHLSSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCQECGRSFSDKSNLISHKRTHMGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFIRKSVLIRHQRTHTGE*PYVCRECE* 0 
 
>PRDM9b_munMun Muntiacus muntjak (muntjac) gene AC218859 no GAS8 ---- no syntenic loci
0 MRPNTSPEESTEGDAGRTERKPT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISVYFSKEEWEEMGDWEKSRYRNMKRNYEVLIAI 1 
2 GFRATRPDFMHHRRQVIKPQVDDTEDSDEEWAPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSSMAFRVEHSKHQK 0  
0 RMSRAPLSNESGLKELPGAAKPLKTSGSKQAQNPVPHHRKARTPGQLPRQKV 1 
2 ELRRKETGVKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSKPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDCAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRLSGIPDAGLGVWNETSDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDEEAANSGYAWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYQYVDGKDTSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHGQIFYRTCQVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQDLGIKRNSRGKSELATGR 1 
2 EPKPKIHPCASCSLAFSSQKFLSQHIQRSHPSQTLLRPSERDLLQPEDPCPGSQNQRYSDPHSPSDKPEGQEAKDRPQQLLKSIRLKRISRASSYSPGGQMGGSGVHERMTEEPSTSQKLNPEDTGTLLTGAGVSGIMR
VTYGECWKGSKDRSSLTTHERTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFHHGSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSVLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKAHLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKTHLISHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFCQKSALIRHQRAHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFIQKSDFIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGQSYSDKTVLITHERTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSYSDKTVLITHERTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFLWKSALIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YACGDCGRSFNQKSNFIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECWRSFSQKSSSSDTRGHTQGRRP*VCRECG*SFSQKSHLISHQRTHTEEKP YVCRECE* 0 
 
>PRDM9c_munMun Muntiacus muntjak (muntjac) gene AC154919 no GAS8 ---- no syntenic loci AC204173 99% identical
0 MRPNRSPEESTEGDAGRTEQKPT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISVYFSKEEWEEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATRPDFMHHCRQVIKPQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSSMAFRVKHSKHQK 0  
0 GMSRAPLIKESSLKELLGAAKLMKTSGSKQAQNPVPHPRKARTPGQHPRQKV 1 
2 ELTRKETGVKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQNFFIDSCAAHGLPTFVKDCAVEKGHANRSALTLPPGLSIRLSGIPDAGLGVWNEESDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDEEAANSGYAWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYQYVDGKDTSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHGQIFYRTCQVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQDLGIKRNSRGKSELAAGR 1 
2 EPKPKIHPCASCSLAFSSQKFLSQHIQRSHPSQTLLRPSERDLLQPEDPCPGNQNQRFSDPHRPSDRPQPLLKSIRLKRISRASSYSPRGQMGGSGVHELMTEEPSTSHKLNPEDTGTLLMGAGVSGIMR
VTYGECGQGSKDRSSLTTHERTYTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFCQKAHLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGQSFSRNSLLIRHQRIHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFRDKSNLISHRRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGQSFSDKSNLIRHQRTHAGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFNRKSHLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YACRECGQSFSQKSILITHQRTHTGEKP  
YACRECG*SFSQKSILITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSLLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCMECGRSFSQKTHLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSLLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGECGRSFSQKSLLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YICMECGRSFSQKTHLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCGKCGQSFSDKSNLISHKRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFNRKSLLITHQRTHT E*P YVCRECE* 0 
 
>PRDM9d_munMun Muntiacus muntjak (muntjac) gene AC216498 no GAS8 ---- frameshift exon 9 no syntenic loci AC232907 seemingly identical, 92%b 89%a 90%c identity
0 MRPNRSQEESTEGNAGRTERKPT 0  
0 GKDAFKDISVYFSKEEWEEMGEWEKIRYRNMKRNYEALIAI 1 
2 GFRATQPTFMHHRRQVIKSQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 GKPSSMAFRVEHSKNQK 0  
0 RMSRAPLSNESGLKELPGAAKSLKTSDSKQARNPVPHHRKARTPGQLPRQKV 1 
2 ELRRKETGVKRYSLRERKGHVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEECQNFFINSCAAHGPpTFVKDCAVEKGHANRSALTLPHGLSIRLSGIPDAGLGVWNKVSDLALGLHFGPYKGQITDNEEAANSGYAWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDTSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHGQIFYRTCQVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQDFGIKRNSRGKSELAAGR 1 
2 EPKPKIHPCASCSLTFSSQKFLSQHIQCSHPPQTLLRPSERDLLQPEDPCPGNQNQQQRYSDPHSPSDKPEGHEAKDRPQPLLKSIRLKRISRASSCSPRGQMGGSGVHERMTEEPSTSQKLNPGDTGTLLTGAGVSGIMK
VKYGECGQGSKDRSSLSTHERTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGQSFSGKPVLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCMECGRSFSAKSVLMTHHRTHTGEKP  
YICRECGQSFSQKIHLIRHQRIHTG E*PSVFRECE* 0 
 
>PRDMx_sorAra Sorex araneus (shrew) gene AALT01000095 no GAS9 ---- no useful synteny 26,000 bp upstream spectrin and IgG. On GAS8 contig, no sign of pseudogene
0 MSLNRPAEMNTQGKARKLMLKPM 0  
0 SKDAFKDISMYFSKEEWAEMGDWEKIRHRNVKRNYEELISI 1 
2 GLRAARPAFMSHRRQAIKTQLDDTEESDEEWTPNQQ 1 
2 VKSLRVAFRAEQSKHQK 0  
0 GRSRTPISNESSSKELSGTRTLLNTKCTKQAQKPLFPPGEASTSGHYSKPKL 1 
2 ELRRKEPEVKMYSLRERKGRAYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCENCQNFFINKCSAHGSPIFVKDNAVAKGHSNRSALTLPHGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGIWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITNDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGVDESLANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDYEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRIIKPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKSELTADK 1 
2 EPKPEIYPCPCCSLAFSNQKFLSRHVEHSHPSLILPGTSARTHPKSVNFCPGDQNQWQQHSDACNDKPDEPWNDKLENHKSKGRSKPLPKRMGQKRISTAFPNLRSSKMGSSNKHETIMDKINTGQKENPKDTYRVFAGIGMPRIIR
DKHVTLRRSFTNRSSPLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSHLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTDRSSLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSLKSSLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSLKSSLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTDRSSLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSLKSSLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKSSLLRHQRTHTGEKPYVCES* 0 
 
>PRDM9a_loxAfr Loxodonta africana (elephant) gene genome no GAS8 ---- novel location THEG+ MIER2+ PPAP2C PRDM9- ZNF699- (alt ZNF709 or ZNF420) chr 153
0 MSPARAAKKNPRGDVGSAGRTPT 0  
0 aKDTFRDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKFRYRNVKRNYEALVTI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRRQAIKAQVDNTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPSVASRAEQSRHQK 0  
0 GTPKALLGNESSLKEVSGTAILLNTTGSEQAQKPVSSPGEASTSDQPSRWKL 1 
2 EPRRNEVEVKMYNLRERKGLEYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIDTCAVHGAPMFVKDSPVDRGHPNHSALTLPPGLRIGPSSIPKAGLGVWNEASELPLGLHFGPYEGQVTEDKEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGKNCYEYVDGKDESWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRTIQPDCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSRWKKELTSGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCRLAFSSQKFLSQHMKHSHPSPPFPGTPERKYLQPEDPRPGGRRQQRSEQHMWSDKAEDPEAGDGSRLVFERTRRGCISKACSSLPKGQIGSSREGNRMMETKPSPGQKANPEDAEKLFLGVGTSRIAK
VRCGECGQGFSQKSVLIRHQKTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSVKSVLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSVKSVLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSVKSVLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSQKSDLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
YSCRECGRGFSRKSVLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSQKSNLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSRKSVLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSQKSNLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCGECGRGFSQKSDLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKSNLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECRRGFSVKSALIGHGRRKCSKSAEPLHFPRVSRDQK* 0 
 
>PRDM9b_loxAfr Loxodonta africana (elephant) pseudo genome ---- approx seq after frameshift correction
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 0  
0 GTPKVLLSNESSLKEVSGTAILLSTMGSEQAQKPVSSPGEASTSDQPSRRKQ 1 
2 EPRRKEVEVNMYSLRERKGLVYQEVGEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIHTCAVHGAPMFVKDSHVDRGHLNHSALTLPPGLRIGPSSIPEAGLRVR*EVSEQLLGLHIGPYEGQVTEDEAAHSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYKYVDGKDDPWANRMR 2  
1 YVNCIQD*KEQNLVAFQYHRQIFHWTCCTIRPGCELLVWYGDNYSQELGIKWGSR*KKELr 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCPLAISSQKFLDQHTKHSHPSPPFPGTPERKHLQPEDPHPGGRRQQHSEQHLNDKAEDPETGDGSKPVFERARLVGGGAGGVSKVCSSLPKGQMGSSREGNRMMETEGQKVNPEDTEKLFLGVGISRLAK
VRCGEYGQGFSQKSVLIRHQRTYSGEEH  
YVCGECGERGFSWKSQLTRHQRSHSWEKP  
YVCRECGGFSVKSTLIG TGEGNAATIHLHLPSSEDFRARPLNPYTPQERQESRNNS* 0 
 
>PRDM9_proCap Procavia capensis (hyrax) gene ABRQ01392668 no GAS8 ---- CpG stop in ZNF1, frameshift exon 5 cagc should be cagcc, blastn of contig favors PDRM9, first two exons from genomic alignment
0 MSPTNAEEWSPGGDTASMGTKPK 0  
0 AKDAFRDISIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKSRYRNVKRNYEALVAI 1 
2 GIRVFHPAFMIHPRKTIKAQMDDSEDSDEDWTARQQ 1 
2 AKPPSVASREELRKPQK 0  
0 KGPSRAPLRIKSSLKRVSEPAIVWSTADSEQAQERVQKPVLSRREASASDQPLRRKV 1 
2 EPRRHEAEDKRYS LRGGTGPACQEVGEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEECRNFFIDTCVAHGTPVFIKDISVERGHPNRLALTLPTGLRIGPSSIPDAGLGVWNEASELPPGLHFGPCEGQVTEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 VTKGRSCFEYVDGKNEALANWMR 2  
1 YVRRARDTEERNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCCTVRPGCELLVWRGAEDSQALG SRRTMEELTSQK 1 
2 EARPEIHPCPSCPLAFSTQKFLSYHVNHSHSSEPFPGTHARRHLPREDPRPGYERDQRSEQHNWNDSTGGPERDVSRPVIERTWEGEISEACSSLPRGHMGRSREGERMAETQSSPGLKVTLAK
VRWDEYGQGFGPKSHHITQQTKHSGKKP  
CVCKECG*GFRVKSLLKSHQMTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSTLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSFLISHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSWKSGLITHQRTHTGEKR  
YVCRECGHGFNRPSRLIRHQRTHSGEQP  
YVCRECGHGFNRRSQLIRHQRTHTGEQP  
YVCRECGQGFSGKSGLNRHQRTHSGEKP  
YVYKECGRGFSVKSTLIKHQRGHSGEKP  
YVCKECGRGFSRNSGLITHQRTHSGEQP  
YVCRECGRGFNQKSGVISHQRIHSGEKP  
FVCGECGRRFSWQSNLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECGRGFSAKTSLINHQRIH*  
 
>PRDM9_echTel Echinops telfairi (tenrec) pseudo genome ---- 2 frameshifts and stop codon, contig missing end of gene
0 0  
0 AKDSFRDIAIYFSKEEWAEMGEWEKFRYRNVKKNYEALLAL1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHHRPAAKGQVEDSEDSDEEWTPRQR 1 
2 0  
0 GMPGVSLRNESNLKVLSGTAILLTAAEPEQPH*PGSPPGEATTSHEHLRQKV 1 
2 ELRRRAVMMNSLRERKNLMYQEVSTPCDDNCL 1 
2 YGERCHNFFIDTHIAHGATTFVKDSPMDRSNCSILPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASELPLGLHFVPYEGQVTKDEAATNSGYSWM 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWAN M 2  
1 1  
2 EPKPEVNPCPSCPLALSSQQLKHSHPFQSLPGTPAEKHLQAEDFHPRGQKLHHFEHHIRNERAEGLETGDGSKPMLERTRLGKMSKTTYNSPKGQTRSSGETNRIREADLNPGQGVNAEDTRNLFLGIGISRIAK
VRCRECGHGFSVKSSLITHQRIHTGEKP  
YVCSECGQGFSQKSVLIRHQRIHTGEKP  
YICRECDRGFSRKSHLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGQGFSQKSVLITHHRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSDLIKHERTHS  
 
>PRDMx_monDom Monodelphis domestica (opossum) gene genome no GAS8 fragment KRAB SSXRD SET weak C2H2 domain
0 0  
0 GEDAFKDISTYFSKKQWVKLKEWEKVRLKNVKRNYEAMIKI 1 
2 GLSVPRPAFMCRGRQNKKVKVEESGDSDEEWIPKQL 1 
2 0  
0 1  
2 DCRRKDVEVHIYSLRERKYQVYQEMWDPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEECQIFFLDSCPLHGPPTFVQDSAMVKGHPYCSAITLPPGLRIGLSGIPGAGLGVWNEASTLPLGLHFGPYKGKMTEDDEAANSGYSWM 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKEESCSNWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKRPLPELTGE 1 
2 GKPGISLCPSTLWASPLIPSSINTRCSKQPP*VFLDSGTGKL*AGRSTAGPATSNRFQLLSDKETSPKEHPSSLWGKTKQVDRREKFSLPQSQQVRGKESSSGEDLSRIQGKSTRQTTMAFQERNR
KECE*GFTHQTNLVTHRWTHSGERP  
YVCV*GFTQKLGFSPYTWTL* 0  
 
>PRDMx_macEug Macropus eugenii (wallaby) notDet genome ---- poor quality fragment
0 0  
0 1  
2 gFSAPRPTFMCHGKQNKEAKVEESGDFDEEWIRKQP 1 
2 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 yCEECQTFFLETCAVHGPPKFVQDSVMVKGHPYCSAITLPPGLRIGLSGIPGAGLGIWNEASNLPLGLHFGPYEGQMTEDDEAANSGYSWM 0 
0 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRKIFYRTCQIIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKRPPITLT 1 
2 * 0  
 
>PRDMxa_ornAna Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) gene genome chrX5 fragment X5 +- 20577549 no iMet possible in first exon phase 2
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 0  
0 1  
2 RIGKKPQVRDFNLRKQKRKIYNENYRPEDDDYL 1 
2 yCEICQTFFLEKCVLHGPPVFVQDLPVEKWRPNRSTITLPPGMQIKVSGIPNAGLGVWNQATSLPRGLHFGPYMGIRTKNEKESHSGYSWM 0 
2 IVRGKNYEYLDGKDKAFSNWMR 2  
1 YVNCARSEREQNLVAIQYQGEIYYRTCRVIPPGQELLVWYGLEYGRHLGILPNNNNPEP 1 
2 ERAKARVRKSERIEKAMARVRKSEQIERAKARVRTSERIERAMATV RKSERIERAKVTVKKSEQIERAMGRVRKSERIERAKDMGRKKALGGLPRPCRGGLSDETQQRKGGGHEQLGQKPGPSEA RAGPAEGSATPRR
HCCDVCRKAFKRLSHLRQHKRIHTGEKP  
LVCKVCRRTFSDPSNLNRHSRIHTGLRP  
YVCKLCRKAFADPSNLKRHVFSHTGHKP  
FVCEKCGKGFNRCDNLKDHSAKHSEDNSTPKP* 0 
 
>PRDMxb_ornAna Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) gene genome chrX5 tandem fragment slight frameshift taa to ta YVN exon X5 +- 20605294 20611704 no iMet possible in first exon phase 2 gg as expected
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 0  
0 1  
2 RSGKKPQVRDFNLRKQKRKMYTEESEPEDDDYL 1 
2 yCEDCQTFFLEKCSVHGPPVFVQDCEAKRCQQNRSEVTLPPGLLIKMSGIPNAGLGVWNQATSLPRGLYFGPFVGIRKNNVKDSLSGYSWAV 0 
0 ILRGRNYEYLDGKNTSFSNWMR 2  
1 YVNCPRTKYEQNLVAIQYHREIYYRTTPCDSTRSRVAGVVWRRVRSYLGIFWKSETPKS 1 
2 ERPHSSGGSFAPSARSGGVKQRIWSKRRSAALQRTRERRNSTHDFPPKHEDTAARQDERQCPDRGRAKQRGVRKSEQIERAKAMGRKKALGGLSPPRRERLSDEAGQRKKSGHEQFWQKPGPSEAWAGPAEGSTIPRR
HCCDVCGKAFNRLSRLKQHKRVHTGEKP  
LVCKICKRAFSDPSNLNRHAKRHTGEKP  
FVCRVCGRSFNRSDNMNEHRWKHTSNNIIP NTGHMSATVVENASLCINRNYQIYKERATYL* 0

>PRDM7_homSap Homo sapiens (human) pseudo genome GAS8+- chr16 TUBB3+ DEFB+ AFG3L1+ DBNDD1- GAS8+ PRDM7- 92% identical internal dup exon 9, frameshift exon 10 GGG to GGGg
0 MSPERSQEESPEGDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKMNYNALITV 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMAFRGEQSKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFNNESSLRELSGTPNLLNTSDSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRRKETEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEISEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSSANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNQERQYSDPRCCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSDKSDVITHQRTHTGGKP  
YVCRECGRgFSRKSDLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECERGFSRKSVLLIHQRTHRGDAP VCRKDE* 
 
>PRDM7_panTro Pan troglodytes (chimp) pseudo genome GAS8+- chr16 
0 MSPERSQEESPEGDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWgKTRYRiVKMNYNALITi 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMAFRGEQSKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFNNESSLkELSGmPNLLNTSgSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRRKETvGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEISEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLRVWNEASDPPLGLHSGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSwANWMR 2  
1 YENCARDDEEQNLVSFQYHRQS*FYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDE*GQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLQPENP*PGDQNQERQYSDPRCCNDKTKGQEVKERSKLLNKWTWQREISRAFSSLPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSDKSDVITHQRTHTGGKP  
YVCRECGQGFSRKSVLLIHQRTHRGEKP* 0 VCRKDE 

>PRDM7_gorGor Gorilla gorilla (gorilla) pseudo CABD02143710 notDet chr16  half dozen frameshifts in ZNF domain
0 MSPERSQEESPEGDTERTERKPM 0
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1
2 GLRATQPVFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1
2  0
0 GMPKASFNNESSLKELSGTPNLLNTSGSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRRKL 1
2 ELRRKETEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEISKPQDDDYL 1
2 yCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKRHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDKEAANSGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVALQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELTAGR 1
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQPENPCPGDQNQERQYSDPRCCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSPPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSWKSNLLRHQRTHTGGKP
YVCRECGRGFSWKSDLLSHQRTHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSWKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP* 0

>PRDM7_ponAbe Pongo abelii (orangutan) gene genome GAS8+- chr16 
0 MSPERSQEESPkGDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWTEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYKTLITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMAFRGEQSKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFNNESSLKELSGTQNLLNTSGSEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSTLKI 1 
2 ELRRKETEGKTYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDKEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCAWDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMPGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARHLLQAENPCPGDQNQEQQYSDPDCCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREISRAFSSSAKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEESGTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSDKSDVITHQRTHTGGRS  
YICRESGRGFTQKSGLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGWGFSQKSNLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKSVLLIHQRTHTGEKP* VCRKDE* 
 
>PRDM7_nomLeu Nomascus leucogenys (gibbon) pseudo ADFV01125891 notDet 
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 IKSPWMAVRVEQSKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFNNESGLKELSGTQNLLNTSG*EQARKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRQKL 1 
2 ELRRKETEGKMYSL*ERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEMCQNFFTDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNHSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDEEAANNGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKS*ANWMK 2  
1 YVNCARDHEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCQVIRPGCEPLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELTAER 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCCLVFTSQKFLSQHVECNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQRENPCPGDQNQEQQYSDSRSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKL*NKRIWQRKISRAFSSLPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEESRTGQKVNPGNTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSDKSDVIAHQGTHTGGKS  
*ICRECGWGFSQESHLLIHQRTHTGEKL  
YVCRECGQGFSQKSDLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVRRECGRGFSQKSNLLSHQRTHTEEKP  
YVCRECGWGFSQKSHLLIHQRTHTGKKP* VCRKDE 
 
>PRDM7_macMul Macaca mulatta (rhesus) pseudo genome GAS8+- chr20 frameshifts exon 5 and 10, first three exons missing, ninth exon in gap, exon 10: tttctgtcaAcat to tttctgtcaCAAcat restores frame
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 VKPPWMAFRVEQSKHQK 0  
0 EMPKTSFNNESSLKELSGTPNLLSTSDSE*AQKPASPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRRKETEGKMYSLRERKRHAYKEASELQHDDYL 1 
2 YCEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDNAVNKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPCEGRITEDKEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWAKWMR 2  
1 1  
2 EPKPEIYPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQSENPCPGDQNQEQQYSDPSSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTWQREILRAFTSPPKGQMGSSRVGERMMEEEFRTGQKANPGNTGKLFVGVEISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSGKSDVITHQRTHTEGKP  
YVCRGCGRRFSQKSSLLRHQRTHTGEKP* VCKKNE* 0 
 
>PRDM7_papHam Papio hamadryas (baboon) pseudo scaffold:Pham_1.0:Contig761595 
0  0
0  1
2  1
2 VKPPWMAFRVEQSKHQK 0
0 EMPKTSFSNESSLKELSGTPNLLSTSGSEQAQKPASPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1
2 ELRRKEAEGKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSELQDDDYL 1
2 ycEMCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVNKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRITEDKEAANNGYSWL 0
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2
1  1
2 EPKPEIYPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHSSQNFPGPSARKLLQSENPCPGDQNQEQQYSDPSSCNDKTKGQEIKERSKLLNKRTRQRQILRAFTSPPKGQMGSSRVGERMMKEEFRTGQKANPGNTGKLFVGVEISRIAK
VKYGECGQGFSGKSDVITHQRTHTEGKP
YVYRgCGQGFSIKSNLLRHQRIHTGEKP*

>PRDM7_tarSyr Tarsius syrichta (tarsier) pseudo ABRT011082008 notDet double frameshift in exon 5, ABRT010499286
0 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKIRYRNVKRNYNTLIAI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRKRAIKPLVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 GMPRAPLSIVSSLKELSEMANLLNTSDSEQAWKPVSPSREASTSEQHSRKKL 1 
2 EFRKKEIEVNMYSLRERKDCAYKEVNEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEQCQNFFIDSCATHGIPTFINDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASELPLGLHFGPYEGQITDDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRIIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 * 0  

>PRDM7_calJac Callithrix jacchus (marmoset) gene GAS8+- one frameshift in repeat area chr20 terminus
0 MSPERSQEESPEGDTGRTEQKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISMYFSKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNMKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPGMAFRVGQSKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFGNESSLKKLSGTANVLNTSGPEQAQKPVSPPGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRRKDTEEKMYSLRERKGLAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEICQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNHAALSLPPGLRIGPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGRVTEDEEAASSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELMAGR 1 
2 ESKPEIHPCPSCCLAFSSQKFLSHHVERNHSSQNFPGTSTRKLLQPENPCPGKQKEEQQYFDPCNSNDKTKGQETKERSKLLNIRTWQREMARAFSNPPKGQMGSSRVEERMMEEESRTGQKVNPVDTGKLFVGVGISRIAK
AKYGECGQGFSDMSDVTGHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSALLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSHLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCTECGRGFSQKSVLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCTECGRGFSRKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKSALLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRKCGRGFSQKSNLLSHQGTHTGEKP  
YVCTECGRGFSQKSHLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRKCGRGFSQKSNLLSHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSFKSALLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKSHLLSHQGTHIGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSRKSNLLSHQRIHTGEKP YVRREDE* 

>PRDM7_micMur Microcebus murinus (lemur) gene ABDC01433247 notDet 
0 MSPEKSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0  
0 vKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPPWMALRVEQRKHQK 0  
0 GMPKASFSNESSLKELSRTANLLNASGSEQAQKPVSPSGEASTSGQHSRLKL 1 
2 ELRKKETERKMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALSLPPGLKIRPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASELPLGLHFGPYEGQVTEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDDSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCQVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKEELTIRQ 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVKHTHSSQISPRTSGRKHLQPENPCPGDQNQEQQHSDPHSCNDKAKDQEVKERPKPFHKKTQQRGISRAFSSPPKGKMGSCREGKRIMEEEPRTGQKVGPGDTDKLCAAGGISRISR
VKYGDSGQSFSDKSNVIIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSDLLKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSQKSDLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSCKSHLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSCKSSLLIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRGVWGEALAESQTSSYTRGHTQGRSP  
VFAGRVSKSLALNYISTATGGHLLTSHLP TPALGGASKGSLLTLYISQECKETRNN* 
 
>PRDM7_otoGar Otolemur garnettii (galago) gene genome GAS8+- 
0 MSPEKSQEESPEEDTERTERKPM 0  
0 VKDAFKDISIYFTKEEWAEMGDWEKTRYRNVKRNYNALITI 1 
2 GLRATRPAFMCHRRQAIKLQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKHPWMAFRMEQSKRQK 0  
0 ILKKCMLSFNMHLKELSGPASLPNISGSEQHQKHMSSPREASTSGQHSGRKS 1 
2 DLRIKEIEVRMYSLRERKGHAYKEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIDNCAVHGPPTFVKDTAVEKGHPNRSVLSLPSGLGIRTSGIPQAGFGVWNEASDLQLGLHFGPYEGQVTEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDESQGNWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELTAGQ 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSTQKFLSQHVERTHPSQISQGTSGRKNLRPQTPCPRDENQEQQHSDPNSRNDKTKGQEVKEMSKTSHKKTQQSRISRIFSCPPKGQMGSSREGERMIEEEPRPDQKVGPGDTEKFCVAIGISGIVK
VKNRECVQSFSNKS NLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YMCRDCGRGFSHKSSLFRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRDCGRGFSLKANLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRDCGQGFSQKAHLLRHQRTHTGEKP  
YMCRDCGQGFSRKAYLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRDCGQGFSQKAHLLTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRDCGRGFSHKSSLFRHQRTHTGEKP YICRDCG* 
 
>PRDM7_bosTau Bos taurus (cattle) pseudo genome GAS8+- missing C2H2.
0 MSPNRSPEESIEGDTGRTEWKPT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFCKEEWAQMG*WEKIRYRNVKRNYEALITL 1 
 
>PRDM7_susScr Sus scrofa (pig) gene FP476134 GAS8+- unordered HTGS not wgs misassembly/inversion not in genome browser
0 MRPDRRPEESPDPAAGSTERKAA 0  
0 ATDAFKDISIYFSKEEWTEMGEWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALTTI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRRQAIKPQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPCRVAFRVEHNKHQK 0  
0 SDSRVPLSNKSSLKELLTTAEVPETSGSEQAQEPVSPPGEASTSRRRSGQEL 1 
2 ARRRKDTEARMYSLRERKGHAYQEVGEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALTLPPGLRIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNEAHDLPLGLHFGPYEGQVTEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKKELTAGI 1 
2 EPKPKIHPCPSCSLAFSSQRFLSQHVERSHPSQSLPRASARRGLQPEGPCPDNQQQQQPYPDPHSWDGTSESQDVKEGSKPFLERRRLRKTSRASSYAPEGQMRSSRVRERMTEEEPSAGQKVNPEDTGTLFTVAGES
GILRVENRGYGPDSGLTRHPRTHTGEKP  
HVCSECGRGFSVKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSSLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSEKSSLVTHQRTHTGEKP  
FVCRECGRGFSVKSSLVTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSVKSNFITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFSEKSSLVTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCREGE* 0  
 
>PRDM7_ailMel Ailuropoda melanoleuca (panda) gene GL193502 GAS8+- synteny first three exons from different contig
0 MSLNTSPEETPERDSGRTGWKPT 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEEWTEMGDWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALITI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCHRRQAIKPQVDDTEDSDEEWTPRRQ 1 
2 VRPSWVAFRMEQSKHQR 0  
0 GIPRAPLRNESSLKELSETAKLLNTSGSELGQKPVSLPGEASTSGHDSLQKL 1 
2 GFRRKDVEVKMYSLRERKSLAYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIDSCAVHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGQPNRSALTLPPGLRIRPSGIPQAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDNSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDEEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKSELAAGK 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSLAFSSQKFLSQHLEHNHPSQILSRKSASEHFQQEDPCPGHQNQQQQQHSDPHRWNDKAKGQEVKERFKPLLKSIRQRRISRAFSSPCKGQTRSSTVCEGMVEEEPSAGQKLNPEETGKLFMGVGMSGIIR
VKYRGCGRDFSDRSHQSGHQRRHQKKP  
SVCKKVKREFSHKSVLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSNLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSNLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSSLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTLRPNLIGHQRTHTEALP INYISTTKEQM* 0 
 
>PRDM7_felCat Felis catus (cat) gene genome GAS8+- two contigs GAS8 not directly determinable but implied by downstream CAD1
0 MEPSPASESARGQPGGPGTTSPLRFPEQSAERGSRKARWKPT 0 
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEEWTEMGDWEKIRYRNVKRNYEALMTI 1 
2 gLRAPRPAFMCHRRQAIKPQVDVTEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 VKPSWVASRVDQNKQHKV 0  
0 GTHRVPLSKESSLKDFSETAKLLNTSGSEQGQKPVSLPGEASTSGHHSRRKL 1 
2 frRRKEIGVKMYSLRERKGFAYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEKCQNFFIDSCAVHGPPTFVKDNAVGKGHPNRSALTLPPGLRIRPSSIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGTHFGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDNSWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKSELSTGK 1 
2 EPQPDIHRCPSCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVECKHSSQSLPQISARKHFQPENPCPGDQNQQQQQHSDPHSWNDKAKCQEVKERSRPLLKSIKQRRISRAFSTPCKGQMGSSRVCEGMVEEGPSMGQNLNSEDTGKLFMGVGMSRIVR
IKNRGCEQGFNDRSHFSRHQRTHKEEKP  
SVCNEFRRDFSHKSALITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSNLFRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSDLFTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTRRSNLFTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTRRSHLFTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSNLFTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSDLFRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSHLFTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSNLFRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTWRSNLFTHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRKDGQGFTNKLHLSYQRTNVATTHSIPQL* 0 
 
>PRDM7_canFam Canis familiaris (dog) pseudo genome GAS8+- frameshift fix to 6 ZNF synteny MNS1 K1F1B intervening CDH3 oddity
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 VKPSWVAFRMEQSKHQK 0  
0 GIPRVPLSNKSSLKELSETAKLLNTSSPEQGQKSVSLPGKASTSGHHTRQKL 1 
2 ELRRKDVEVKMYSLQERKGLAYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCEK*QTFFIDSCTVHGPPTFVKDSEVDKGQPNHSALTLPPGLRIRTSSIPQAGLGVWN*ASDLPLGLHFGPYKGQITEDEEAANSGYSCL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDKDNSWANWMR 2  
1 YMNCARDDEEQS LVAFQYHRQIFYRTPGHQASCELLVWYGDEYSQELGIKWGSKWKSELTAGK 1 
2 EPNPEIHPCPSCSL AFSSQKFLSQHLEHNHPSQILPRISVREHFRPKDPCPGCQNQQQQQHSDPQRWNDRAKGQEGKERFKPLPKSIRQRRISRAFSTPCKGQTTCEGIVKEEPSAGSQKLNPEDTGKLFKGVGMTRIIR
VKYRGCGRGFNDRSHLSRHQRTHTGENP  
YVCRECGRGFIHRTNLIIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGtGFIQRSNLSIHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTQRSTLNEHQRTHTEEKP  
YVCRECGRSFTRRSTLITHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECGRSFTKRST WDPWVAQRFGACLWP *0 
 
>PRDM7_myoLuc Myotis lucifugus (bat) gene AAPE02062260 notDet 21873 bp gggTGAggct stop codon probable CpG hotspot for R CGA note SXXRD domain implies missing KRAB no CAD1
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 0  
0 AKSRAPLSNESSLKELSGTANLLTTSGSEQTQKTVPPPGEASTSGQHPRSKL 1 
2 dLRRKEIEVKMYSLRERKCRVYQEISEPQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDSCAVHGPPTFVKDSAVDKGHANRSALTLPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEECDLPVGLHYGPYEGQITEDEAIANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDTSQANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVVRKGCELLVWYGEEYGQELGIKWGSKWKTEPVAGR 1 
2 EPKPEIHPCPSCSVAFSSQTFLSQHGKRNHPSEILPGAPAGNHLQSEEPGPERQNQQQQQQTGPHGWNDKAEGQEVKGRSKPLLKRIRQRGTSRASFKPPNRHMGSSSERERIREEEPSTGQNVNHKNTGKLFVGVKRSKSVT
IKHGGCGQGFNDGSHIDTHQRTHSGEKP  
YICRECG*GFTHKSDLIRHQRTHSQENP  
YVCRECGRGFRDRSTLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGLTEKSTLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGFTRKSTLITHQRTHSGEKP  
YVCRECGRGSRVKSNLIRHQRTHSGEKS GVCIEGE* 
 
>PRDM7_pteVam Pteropus vampyrus (bat) gene ABRP01250178 18393 aa 4 distal exons of GAS8+- F sweep in zinc finger unique 15 ZNF dotplot no CAD1, first from genomic alignment
0 MRPDRSPEEAPEGDTRRTGCKPK 0  
0 AKDAFKDISIYFSKEEWTEMGDWEKIRYRNVKRNYDALQAI 1 
2 GLRAPRPAFMCRRRQAIKPQVDDSEDSDEEWTPRQQ 1 
2 0  
0 AMPRVPLSNEPSLKELSVIANLLKASGSEQDQKPVFPPGKASASRQHSRQKL 1 
2 GLRRKGVEVKMYSLRERTGRVYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 CEKCQNFFIDSCAAHGSPIFVKDSEVDIRHPNRSALTLPPGLRIGPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLLFGPYEGQVTEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 QGKGRNCYEYVDGKDESRANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVIRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKRELTAGR 1 
2 EPKPAIHPCPSCSLAFSGQKFLSQHMKRSHPSQSLPGISARKHLQSKEPHPEDQSQQQHNDPRSWNDKAEGQEVKERSKPLLERNRQRKIFRAFSKPPKGQMGSPREYERMMEAEPSTSQKVNPENTGKSSVGVGASRIVI
VKYGGCEHGFDDGSHLIMHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFSKKSNLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTRKSSLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTQKSHLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFSEKSSLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTRKSSLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTQKSSLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTQKSSLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTQKSSLIKHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTQKSSLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTQKSHLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFSKKSNLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTRKSLLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVFRECERGFTQKSSLITHQRTHSGEKP  
FVCRECERGFTRKSYLITHQRTHSGEKP FVGRECE* 0 
 
>PRDM7_equCab Equus caballus (horse) gene genome GAS8+- missing front exons, pre-terminal stop GAS8+- flanked right by EMR2-
0 0  
0 1  
2 1  
2 VKPSWVAFRVEQSKQQK 0  
0 RMRTAPLSNESRLKELSGTAKLLKTSSSEQVQKPVSPLGEASSSEQHSRRKL 1 
2 ELRRKEVGVKMYSLRERKGHAYQEVSEPQDDDYL 1 
2 yCENCQNFFIDSCAAHGPPIFVKDSAVDKGHPNRSALTLPLGLRIRPSGIPEAGLGVWNEASDLPLGLHFGPYEGQITEDEEAANSGYSWL 0 
0 ITKGRNCYEYVDGKDISWANWMR 2  
1 YVNCARDDEEQNLVAFQYHRQIFYRTCRVVRPGCELLVWYGDEYGQELGIKWGSKWKRELTAGR 1 
2 EPKLEIHPCPSCSLAFSSQKFLSQHVERNHPSQILPGTSARNHLQPEDPSPGDQNQQQQHSDPHSWKDKAHSQEVKERSKPLLKKIRQRRIPRAFSYPPKGQMENFRMRERIMEEKPSIGRKVNPEDTGKLFLEMRMSRNVR
VQYGGCGRGFNDRASLIKHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECEQGFTQKSSLIAHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECEQGFSEKSHLIRHQRTHTGEKP  
YVCRECEQGFSVKSNLIRHQRTHTGEKL yFCREGK* 0 
 
>PRDM7_loxAfr Loxodonta africana (elephant) pseudo genome GAS8+- several frameshifts scaffold_57, ZNF540 opposite strand upstream of N-terminus, RFPL1 too
0 0  
0 AKDAFRDIFIYFSKEGYVEMGEWEKLCYRNLKMNYKALVTT 1 
2 GLRASHPAFTCHCMQAIKAQMDDTEDSNEEQTPRQ 1 
2 VRPSWVAFRMEQSKHQR 0  
0 GMLRVPRSNESSLKNLSGTSIMLSRAGSEQAQKLVLPPGKASTSDEHSRQKP 1 
2 EHRRKGVEVKMYSF*ERKGLVYQEIS*PQDDDYL 1 
2 YCEKCQNFFIDTCESHGVPTFVKNSTTDSGHPNHLALTPSSGLRTRPSSIPKAWLRLWNKAFELLLGLPFSPCEGQVIEDEAVDNSGYSWL 0 
0 2  
1 YVNGTQDEKEQNLVFFQYHRQIFYQTCYAVWPGCQLLVWYRDECGQELGIKWDNRGKKEFe 1 
2 EPKPEAHPCPSCPLAFSSEKFLSQHMKHNHPSQSSPETPERKHLQPEDPHPGHQNQQQQQHSDPHRWNDKAEGQQTGDRSKPMFENIRQEVTSRAFSSLPKGQMVCSREGNRMMETEPSPGLKVNPEVTGKLFLGVESSRIAK
VKYRGCGRDFSDRSHQSGHQRRHQKKP  
SVCKKVKREFSHKSVLITHQRTHSGEKS  
YVCKESGRGFSAKSNLIRPRRTHTGEKP  
YVCGERG*GFSV*SGLIIHQRAHSPEKP  
YVCREGRRGFGDKSSFIKHQRATLGEKS  
YVCKESGRGFSAKSNLIRPRRKKCRHDTTPHPQL* 0 

>PRDMx_danRer Danio rerio (zebrafish) Q6P2A1 transcript BC064665 pseudo-homologous
0 MSLSPDLPPSEEQNLEIQGSATNCYSVVIIEEQDDTFNDQPF 1
2 YCEMCQQHFIDQCETHGPPSFTCDSPAALGTPQRALLTLPQGLVIGRSSISHAGLGVFNQGQTVPLGMHFGPFDGEEISEEKALDSANSWV 0
0 ICRGNNQYSYIDAEKDTHSNWMK 2
1 FVVCSRSETEQNLVAFQQNGRILFRCCRPISPGQEFRVWYAEEYAQGLGAIWDKIWDNKCISQ 1
2 GSTEEQATQNCPCPFCHYSFPTLVYLHAHVKRTHPNEYAQFTQTHPLESEAHTPITEVEQCLVASDEALSTQTQPVTESPQEQISTQNGQPIHQTENSDEPDASDIYTAAGEISDEI
HACVDCGRSFLRSCHLKRHQRTIHSKEKP
YCCSQCKKCFSQATGLKRHQHTH QEQEKNIESPDRPSDI
YPCTKCTLSFVAKINLHQHLKRH HHGEYLRLVESGSLTAETEEDHT
EVCFDKQDPNYEPPSRGRKSTKNSLKG
RGCPKKVAVGRPRGRPPKNKNLEVEVQKIS
PICTNCEQSFSDLETLKTHQCPRRDDEGDNVEHPQEASQ
YICGECIRAFSNLDLLKAHECIQQGEGS
YCCPHCDLYFNRMCNLRRHERTIHSKEKP
YCCTVCLKSFTQSSGLKRHQQSHLRRKSHRQSSALFTAAIFPCAYCPFSFTDERYLYKHIRRHHPEMSLKYLSFQEGGVLSVEKP
HSCSQCCKSFSTIKGFKNHSCFKQGEKV
YLCPDCGKAFSWFNSLKQHQRIHTGEKP
YTCSQCGKSFVHSGQLNVHLRTHTGEKP
FLCSQCGESFRQSGDLRRHEQKHSGV
RPCQCPDCGKSFSRPQSLKAHQQLHVGTKL
FPCTQCGKSFTRRYHLTRHHQKMHS* 0

>ZNF133_homSap Homo sapiens (human) NP_001076799 KRAB Krueppel-associated box and zinc fingers
0 MAFRDVAVDFTQDEWRLLSPAQRTLYREVMLENYSNLVSL 1
2 GISFSKPELITQLEQGKETWREEKKCSPATCP 1
2 DPEPELYLDPFCPPGFSSQKFPMQHVLCNHPPWIFTCLCAEGNIQPGDPGPGDQ EKQQQASEGRPWSDQAEGPE GEGAMPLFGRTKKRTLG AFSRPPQRQPVSSRNGLRGVELEASPAQTGNPEETDKLLKRIEVLGFGT
VNCGECGLSFSKMTNLLSHQRIHSGEKP
YVCGVCEKGFSLKKSLARHQKAHSGEKP
IVCRECGRGFNRKSTLIIHERTHSGEKP
YMCSECGRGFSQKSNLIIHQRTHSGEKP
YVCRECGKGFSQKSAVVRHQRTHLEEKT
IVCSDCGLGFSDRSNLISHQRTHSGEKP
YACKECGRCFRQRTTLVNHQRTHSKEKP
YVCGVCGHSFSQNSTLISHRRTHTGEKP
YVCGVCGRGFSLKSHLNRHQNIHSGEKP
IVCKDCGRGFSQQSNLIRHQRTHSGEKP
MVCGECGRGFSQKSNLVAHQRTHSGERP
YVCRECGRGFSHQAGLIRHKRKHSREKP
YMCRQCGLGFGNKSALITHKRAHSEEKP
CVCRECGQGFLQKSHLTLHQMTHTGEKP
YVCKTCGRGFSLKSHLSRHRKTTSVHHR LPVQPDPEPCAGQPSDSLYSL* 0

>ZNF343_homSap Homo sapiens (human) KRAB Krueppel-associated box and zinc fingers
0 MMLPYPSALGDQYWEEILLPKNGENVETMKKLTQNHKAK 1
2 GLPSNDTDCPQKKEGKAQIV 0
0 VPVTFRDVTVIFTEAEWKRLSPEQRNLYKEVMLENYRNLLSL 1
2 AEPKPEIYTCSSCLLAFSCQQFLSQHVLQIFLGLCAENHFHPGNSSPGHWKQQGQQYSHVSCWFENAEGQERGGGSKPWSARTEERETSRAFPSPLQRQSASPRKGNMVVETEPSSAQRPNPVQLDKGLKELETLRFGA
INCREYEPDHNLESNFITNPRTLLGKKP
YICSDCGRSFKDRSTLIRHHRIHSMEKP
YVCSECGRGFSQKSNLSRHQRTHSEEKP
YLCRECGQSFRSKSILNRHQWTHSEEKP
YVCSECGRGFSEKSSFIRHQRTHSGEKP
YVCLECGRSFCDKSTLRKHQRIHSGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSQNSDLIKHQRTHLDEKP
YVCRECGRGFCDKSTLIIHERTHSGEKP
YVCGECGRGFSRKSLLLVHQRTHSGEKH
YVCRECRRGFSQKSNLIRHQRTHSNEKP
YICRECGRGFCDKSTLIVHERTHSGEKP
YVCSECGRGFSRKSLLLVHQRTHSGEKH
YVCRECGRGFSHKSNLIRHQRTH* 0

>ZNF169_homSap Homo sapiens (human) KRAB Krueppel-associated box and zinc fingers
0 MSPGLLTTRKEALMAFRDVAVAFTQKEWKLLSSAQRTLYREVMLENYSHLVSL 1
2 GIAFSKPKLIEQLEQGDEPWREENEHLLDLCP 1
2 EPRTEFQPSFPHLVAFSSSQLLRQYALSGHPTQIFPSSSAGGDFQLEAPRCSSEKGESGETEGPDSSLRKRPSRISRTFFSPHQGDPVEWVEGNREGGTDLRLAQRMSLGGSDTMLKGADTSESGAVIRGNYRLGLSKKSSLFSHQKH
HVCPECGRGFCQRSDLIKHQRTHTGEKP
YLCPECGRRFSQKASLSIHQRKHSGEKP
YVCRECGRHFRYTSSLTNHKRIHSGERP
FVCQECGRGFRQKIALLLHQRTHLEEKP
FVCPECGRGFCQKASLLQHQSSHTGERP
FLCLECGRSFRQQSLLLSHQVTHSGEKP
YVCAECGHSFRQKVTLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YLCPQCGRGFSQKVTLIGHQRTHTGEKP
YLCPDCGRGFGQKVTLIRHQRTHTGEKP
YLCPKCGRAFGFKSLLTRHQRTHSEEEL
YVDRVCGQGLGQKSHLISDQRTHSGEKP
CICDECGRGFGFKSALIRHQRTHSGEKP
YVCRECGRGFSQKSHLHRHRRTKSGHQL LPQEVF* 0

>ZNF596_homSap Homo sapiens (human) KRAB Krueppel-associated box and zinc fingers
0 MESQESVTFQDVAVDFTQEEWALLDTSQRTLFREVMLENISHLVSV 1
2 GNQLYKSDVISHLEQGEQLSREGLGFLQGQSPVISDREDDPKKQEMLSMQHICKKDAPLISAMQWSHTQEDPLECNNFREKFTEILPLTQYVIPQVGKKPFISQDVGKAISYLPSFNIQKQIHSRSKS
YECHQRRNTFIQSSAHRQHNNTQTGEKT
FECHVCRKAFSKSSNLRRHEMIHTGVKP
HGCHLCGKSFTHCSDLRKHERIHTGEKL
YGCHLCGKAFSKSYNLRRHEVIHTKEKP
NECHLCGKAFAHCSDLRKHERTHFGEKP
YGCHLCGKTFSKTSYLRQHERTHNGEKP
YGCHLCGKAFTHCSHLRKHERTHTGEKP
YECHLCGKAFTESSVLRRHERTHTGEKP
YECHLCWKAFTDSSVLKRHERTHTGEKP
YECHLCGKTFNHSSVLRRHERTHTGEKP
YECNICGKAFNRSYNFRLHKRIHTGEKP
YKCYLCGKAFSKYFNLRQHENSCYKGNK* 0

>HKR1_homSap Homo sapiens (human) KRAB Krueppel-associated box and zinc fingers
0 MRVNHTVSTMLPTCMVHRQTMSCSGAGGITAFVAFRDVAVYFTQEEWRLLSPAQRTLHREVMLETYNHLVSL 1
2 EIPSSKPKLIAQLERGEAPWREERKCPLDLCP 1
2 ESKPEIQLSPSCPLIFSSQQALSQHVWLSHLSQLFSSLWAGNPLHLGKHYPEDQ KQQQDPFCFSGKAEWIQE GEDSRLLFGRVSKNGTSKALSSPPEEQQPAQSKEDNTVVDIGSSPERRADLEETDKVLHGLEVSGFGE
IKYEEFGPGFIKESNLLSLQKTQTGETP
YMYTEWGDSFGSMSVLIKNPRTHSGGKP
YVCRECGRGFTWKSNLITHQRTHSGEKP
YVCKDCGRGFTWKSNLFTHQRTHSGLKP
YVCKECGQSFSLKSNLITHQRAHTGEKP
YVCRECGRGFRQHSHLVRHKRTHSGEKP
YICRECEQGFSQKSHLIRHLRTHTGEKP
YVCTECGRHFSWKSNLKTHQRTHSGVKP
YVCLECGQCFSLKSNLNKHQRSHTGEKP
FVCTECGRGFTRKSTLSTHQRTHSGEKP
FVCAECGRGFNDKSTLISHQRTHSGEKP
FMCRECGRRFRQKPNLFRHKRAHSGA
FVCRECGQGFCAKLTLIKHQRAHAGGKP
HVCRECGQGFSRQSHLIRHQRTHSGEKP
YICRKCGRGFSRKSNLIRHQRTHSG* 0

>PRDM11_homSap Homo sapiens (human) 511 aa 7 exons chr11:45115564 44% id PRDM9 SET
0 MLKMAEPIASLMIVECRACLRCSPLFLYQREK 0
0 DRMTENMKECLAQTNAAVGDMVTVVKTEVCSPLRDQEYGQPC 2
1 SRRPDSSAMEVEPKKLKGKRDLIVPKSFQQVDFW 1
2 FCESCQEYFVDECPNHGPPVFVSDTPVPVGIPDRAALTIPQGMEVVKDTSGESDVRCVNEVIPKGHIFGPYEGQISTQDKSAGFFSWL 0
0 IVDKNNRYKSIDGSDETKANWMR 2
1 YVVISREEREQNLLAFQHSERIYFRACRDIRPGEWLRVWYSEDYMKRLHSMSQETIHRNLAR 1
2 GEKRLQREKSEQVLDNPEDLRGPIHLSVLRQGKSPYKRGFDEGDVHPQAKKKKIDLIFKDVLEASLESAKVEAHQLALSTSLVIRKVPKYQDDAYSQCATTMTHGVQNIGQTQG
EGDWKVPQGVSKEPGQLEDEEEEPSSFKADSPAEASLASDPHELPTTSFCPNCIRLKKKVRELQAELDMLKSGKLPEPPVLPPQVLELPEFSDPAGKLVWMRLLSEGRVRSGLCGG* 0

>PRDM1_homSap Homo sapiens (human) 825 aa 7 exons chr6 106,546,004 3DAL:KMDM..NLTQ SET + 5 C2H2
0 MLDICLEKRVGTTL 0
0 AAPKCNSSTVRFQGLAEGTKGTMKMDMEDADMTLWTEAEFEEKCTYIVNDHPWDSGADGGTSVQAEASLPRNLLFKYATNSEE 0
0 VIGVMSKEYIPKGTRFGPLIGEIYTNDTVPKNANRKYFWR 0
0 IYSRGELHHFIDGFNEEKSNWMRYVNPAHSPREQNLAACQNGMNIYFYTIKPIPANQELLVWYCRDFAERLHYPYPGELTMMNL 1
2 TQTQSSLKQPSTEKNELCPKNVPKREYSVKEILKLDSNPSKGKDLYRSNISPLTSEKDLDDFRRRGSPEMPFYPRVVYPIRAPLPEDFLKASLAYGIERPTYITRSPIPSSTTPSPSARSS
PDQSLKSSSPHSSPGNTVSPVGPGSQEHRDSYAYLNASYGTEGLGSYPGYAPLPHLPPAFIPSYNAHYPKFLLPPYGMNCNGLSAVSSMNGINNFGLFPRLCPVYSNLLGGGSLPHPMLNPTS
LPSSLPSDGARRLLQPEHPREVLVPAPHSAFSFTGAAASMKDKACSPTSGSPTAGTAATAEHVVQPKATSAAMAAPSSDEAMNLIKNKRNMTGYKTLPYPLKKQNGKIKYECNVCAKTFGQLSNLK 0
0 VHLRVHSGERPFKCQTCNKGFTQLAHLQKHYLVHTGEKPHECQ 0
0 VCHKRFSSTSNLKTHLRLHSGEKPYQCKVCPAKFTQFVHLKLHKRLHTRERPHKCSQCHKNYIHLCSLKVHLKGNCAAAPAPGLPLEDLTRINEEIEKFDISD
NADRLEDVEDDISVISVVEKEILAVVRKEKEETGLKVSLQRNMGNGLLSSGCSLYESSDLPLMKLPPSNPLPLVPVKVKQETVEPMDP*

>PRDM4_homSap Homo sapiens (human) 801 aa 11 exons chr12:108126644 3DB5:EHGPV..IGVPE SET + 1 + 6 C2H2 domaians
0 MHHR 2
1 MNEMNLSPVGMEQLTSSSVSNALPVSGSHLGLAASPTHSAIPAP 1
2 GLPVAIPNLGPSLSSLPSALSLMLPMGIGDRGVMCGLPERNYTLPPPPYPHLESSYFRTILP 1
2 GILSYLADRPPPQYIHPNSINVDGNTALSITNNPSALDPYQSNGNVGLEPGIVSIDSRSVNTHGAQSLHPSDGHEVALDTAITMENVSRVTSPISTDGMAEELTMDGVAGEHSQIPNGSRSHEPLSVDSVSN
NLAADAVGHGGVIPMHGNGLELPVVMETDHIASRVNGMSDSALSDSIHTVAMSTNSVSVALSTSHNLASLESVSLHEVGLSLEPVAVSSITQEVAMGTGHVDVSSDSLSFVSPSLQMEDSNSNKENMATLFTI 1
2 WCTLCDRAYPSDCPEHGPVTFVPDTPIESRARLSLPKQLVLRQSIVGAEV 1
2 GVWTGETIPVRTCFGPLIGQQSHSMEVAEWTDKAVNHIWK 0
0 IYHNGVLEFCIITTDENECNWMMFVRKAR 2
1 NREEQNLVAYPHDGKIFFCTSQDIPPENELLFYYSRDYAQQI 1
2 GVPEHPDVHLCNCGKECNSYTEFKAHLTSHIHNHLPTQGHSGSHGPSHSKERKWKCSMCPQAFISPSKLHVHFMGHMGMKPHKCDFCSKAFSDPSNLRTHLKIHT 1
2 GQKNYRCTLCDKSFTQKAHLESHMVIHTGEKNLKCDYCDKLFMRRQDLKQHVLIHTQ 2
1 ERQIKCPKCDKLFLRTNHLKKHLNSHEGKRDYVCEKCTKAYLTKYHLTRHLKTCKGPTSSSSAPEEEEEDDSEEEDLADSVGTEDCRINSAVYSADESLSAHK* 0

>GAS8_homSap Homo sapiens (human) synteny marker right centromeric positive strand C16orf3- in second intron growth arrest-specific del cancer
MAPKKKGKKGKAKGTPIVDGLAPEDMSKEQVEEHVSRIREELDREREERNYFQLERDKIHTFWEITRRQLEEKKAELRNKDREMEEAEERHQVEIKVYKQKVKHLLYEHQNNLTEMKAEG
TVVMKLAQKEHRIQESVLRKDMRALKVELKEQELASEVVVKNLRLKHTEEITRMRNDFERQVREIEAKYDKKMKMLRDELDLRRKTELHEVEERKNGQIHTLMQRHEEAFTDIKNYYNDI
TLNNLALINSLKEQMEDMRKKEDHLEREMAEVSGQNKRLADPLQKAREEMSEMQKQLANYERDKQILLCTKARLKVREKELKDLQWEHEVLEQRFTKVQQERDELYRKFTAAIQEVQQKT
GFKNLVLERKLQALSAAVEKKEVQFNEVLAASNLDPAALTLVSRKLEDVLESKNSTIKDLQYELAQVCKAHNDLLRTYEAKLLAFGIPLDNVGFKPLETAVIGQTLGQGPAGLVGTPT*

>CDH12_homSap Homo sapiens (human) synteny marker chr 5 794 aa
MLTRNCLSLLLWVLFDGGLLTPLQPQPQQTLATEPRENVIHLPGQRSHFQRVKRGWVWNQFFVLEEYVGSEPQYVGKLHSDLDKGEGTVKYTLSGDGAGTVFTIDETTGDIHAIRSLDRE
EKPFYTLRAQAVDIETRKPLEPESEFIIKVQDINDNEPKFLDGPYVATVPEMSPVGAYVLQVKATDADDPTYGNSARVVYSILQGQPYFSIDPKTGVIRTALPNMDREVKEQYQVLIQAK
DMGGQLGGLAGTTIVNITLTDVNDNPPRFPKSIFHLKVPESSPIGSAIGRIRAVDPDFGQNAEIEYNIVPGDGGNLFDIVTDEDTQEGVIKLKKPLDFETKKAYTFKVEASNLHLDHRFH
SAGPFKDTATVKISVLDVDEPPVFSKPLYTMEVYEDTPVGTIIGAVTAQDLDVGSSAVRYFIDWKSDGDSYFTIDGNEGTIATNELLDRESTAQYNFSIIASKVSNPLLTSKVNILINVL
DVNEFPPEISVPYETAVCENAKPGQIIQIVSAADRDLSPAGQQFSFRLSPEAAIKPNFTVRDFRNNTAGIETRRNGYSRRQQELYFLPVVIEDSSYPVQSSTNTMTIRVCRCDSDGTILS
CNVEAIFLPVGLSTGALIAILLCIVILLAIVVLYVALRRQKKKDTLMTSKEDIRDNVIHYDDEGGGEEDTQAFDIGALRNPKVIEENKIRRDIKPDSLCLPRQRPPMEDNTDIRDFIHQR
LQENDVDPTAPPYDSLATYAYEGSGSVAESLSSIDSLTTEADQDYDYLTDWGPRFKVLADMFGEEESYNPDKVT*

Online References

Open 38 abstracts on PRDM9 and related issues. Or the reverse chronological list below provides free full text for individual articles when that is available:

abs 2011  Neaves       Unisexual reproduction among vertebrates.  Trends Genet. 2011 Mar;27(3):81-8.
abs 2011  Ponting      What are the genomic drivers of the rapid evolution of PRDM9?  Trends Genetics (2011) 1–7
htm 2011  Yanover      Extensive protein and DNA backbone sampling improves structure-based specificity prediction for C2H2 zinc fingers.  Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Feb 22
pdf 2011  Ubeda        Red Queen theory of recombination hotspots.  J Evol Biol. 2011 Mar;24(3):541-53.
abs 2010  Hochwagen    Meiosis: a PRDM9 guide to the hotspots of recombination.  Curr Biol. 2010 Mar 23;20(6):R271-4.
abs 2010  Klug         The discovery of zinc fingers and practical applications in gene regulation and genome manipulation.  Q Rev Biophys. 2010 Feb;43(1):1-21.
abs 2010  Berg         PRDM9 variation strongly influences recombination hot-spot activity and meiotic instability in humans.  Nat Genet. 2010 Oct;42(10):859-63.
abs 2010  McVean       PRDM9 marks the spot.  Nat Genet. 2010 Oct;42(10):821-2.
pdf 2010  Kong         Fine-scale recombination rate differences between sexes, populations and individuals.  Nature. 2010 Oct 28;467(7319):1099-103.
pmc 2010  Parvanov     Prdm9 controls activation of mammalian recombination hotspots.  Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):835.
pmc 2010  Lorenz       The ancient mammalian KRAB zinc finger gene cluster on human chromosome 8q24.3  BMC Genomics. 2010 Mar 26;11:206. 
pmc 2010  Neale        PRDM9 points the zinc finger at meiotic recombination hotspots.  Genome Biol. 2010;11(2):104.
pmc 2010  Sandovici    PRDM9 sticks its zinc fingers into recombination hotspots and between species.  F1000 Biol Rep. 2010 May 24;2.
pmc 2010  Billings     Patterns of recombination activity on mouse chromosome 11 revealed by high resolution mapping.  PLoS One. 2010 Dec 8;5(12):e15340.
htm 2010  Cheung       Genetic control of hotspots.  Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):791-2.
pdf 2010  Urnov        Highly efficient endogenous human gene correction using designed zinc-finger nucleases.  Nature. 2005 Jun 2;435(7042):646-51.
htm 2010  Zheng        Detecting sequence polymorphisms associated with meiotic recombination hotspots in the human genome.  Genome Biol. 2010;11(10):R103.
htm 2010  Baudat       PRDM9 is a major determinant of meiotic recombination hotspots in humans and mice.  Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):836-40.
htm 2010  Myers        Drive against hotspot motifs in primates implicates the PRDM9 gene in meiotic recombination.  Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):876-9.
pmc 2009  Berglund     Hotspots of biased nucleotide substitutions in human genes.  PLoS Biol. 2009 Jan 27;7(1):e26.
pmc 2009  Thomas       Evolution of C2H2-zinc finger genes revisited.  BMC Evol Biol. 2009 Mar 4;9:51.
pmc 2009  Oliver       Accelerated evolution of the Prdm9 speciation gene across diverse metazoan taxa.  PLoS Genet. 2009 Dec;5(12):e1000753.
pmc 2009  Thomas       Extraordinary molecular evolution in the PRDM9 fertility gene.  PLoS One. 2009 Dec 30;4(12):e8505.
htm 2009  Willis       Origin of species in overdrive.  Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):350-1.
htm 2009  Irie         Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the PRDM9 (MEISETZ) gene in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia.  J Androl. 2009 Jul-Aug;30(4):426-31.
htm 2009  Mihola       A mouse speciation gene encodes a meiotic histone H3 methyltransferase.  Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):373-5.
abs 2008  Brayer       The protein-binding potential of C2H2 zinc finger domains.  Cell Biochem Biophys. 2008;51(1):9-19.
pmc 2008  Duret        The impact of recombination on nucleotide substitutions in  the human genome.  PLoS Genet. 2008 May 9;4(5):e1000071.
pmc 2008  Miyamoto     Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in PRDM9 (MEISETZ) gene may be a genetic risk factor for Japanese patients with azoospermia by meiotic arrest.  J Assist Reprod Genet. 2008 Nov-Dec;25(11-12):553-7.
htm 2008  Cho          Prediction of DNA binding sites for zinc finger proteins.  BBRC 2008 May 9;369(3):845-8.
pmc 2007  Coop         Live hot, die young: transmission distortion in recombination hotspots.  PLoS Genet. 2007 Mar 9;3(3):e35.
pmc 2007  Fumasoni     Family expansion and gene rearrangements contributed to the functional specialization of PRDM genes in vertebrates.  BMC Evol Biol. 2007 Oct 4;7:187.
pdf 2006  Phillips     A family of zinc-finger proteins is required for chromosome-specific pairing and synapsis during meiosis.  Dev Cell. 2006 Dec;11(6):817-29.
htm 2006  Birtle       Meisetz and the birth of the KRAB motif.  Bioinformatics. 2006 Dec 1;22(23):2841-5. 
pdf 2006  Hayashi      Meisetz, a novel histone tri-methyltransferase, regulates meiosis-specific epigenesis.  Cell Cycle. 2006 Mar;5(6):615-20.
pdf 2005  Hayashi      A histone H3 methyltransferase controls epigenetic events required for meiotic prophase. Nature 2005 Nov 17;438(7066):374-8.
abs 2000  Laity        DNA-induced alpha-helix capping in conserved linker sequences is a determinant of binding affinity in Cys(2)-His(2) zinc fingers.  J Mol Biol. 2000 Jan 28;295(4):719-27.